Our Services

Intellectual Property Lawyer

Your brand, technology and creative work are often worth more than your physical assets, yet in Oman they are only as secure as the steps you take to protect them. Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office, Advocates and Legal Consultants, is an intellectual property lawyer in Oman based in Al Khuwair, Muscat, acting for local businesses, foreign investors and expatriate entrepreneurs across the Sultanate. With over 20 years of experience, we handle everything from trademark registration in Oman to litigation against infringers.

When do you need an IP lawyer in Oman?

You are entering the Omani market and want to secure your brand before launch or before appointing a distributor.
A competitor is using a name or logo identical or confusingly similar to yours.
Counterfeit goods bearing your mark are being sold in shops or online.
Your trademark application has been opposed, or you want to oppose someone else's application.
You have an invention or industrial design and need patent or design protection before disclosing it.
You are licensing your brand or technology to an Omani partner, or you have received an infringement claim yourself.

How we help

Litigation and advocacy: we defend and plead in intellectual property cases before the Primary Court, the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court, whether you are claimant or defendant.
Trademark registration: clearance searches, class selection, filing with the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Investment Promotion, follow-up through to the registration certificate, and timely renewals.
Brand protection: watching for conflicting marks, filing oppositions, sending cease-and-desist letters and claiming damages, as part of a practical strategy for intellectual property protection.
Patents and industrial designs: preserving your right to register a patent or design, managing the application and defending the right against unauthorised use.
Anti-counterfeiting: complaints to the competent authorities and the Public Prosecution, requests for precautionary seizure of counterfeit goods, and the related civil claims.
Trade names and related rights: defending your trade name and the other intellectual rights the law recognises for you.
Copyright: protecting literary and artistic works, software and digital content, and pursuing compensation for unlawful copying.
Licensing and assignment: drafting and reviewing trademark and technology licences, assignments, franchise terms and confidentiality agreements.

How we work with you

First contact: send us your mark, invention or evidence of infringement by WhatsApp, phone or email; you do not need to be in Oman.
Assessment: we review existing registrations and documents and explain your position, your options and the risks of each.
Strategy: we recommend the right route, whether registration, opposition, a formal warning, settlement or court action.
Action: we prepare and file applications, pleadings and complaints and follow every step to its conclusion.
Aftercare: we follow up enforcement of any judgment, diarise renewals and watch for new infringements.

Documents to prepare

A clear image of the mark or logo and the goods or services it covers.
Your commercial registration or company documents, and the applicant's identification.
A power of attorney in favour of the firm, duly legalised if signed outside Oman.
Any existing registration certificates in Oman or abroad.
For infringement: samples or photos of the infringing products, invoices, correspondence and evidence of when you began using your right.

Industrial designs and trade secrets

The Industrial Property Rights Law issued by Royal Decree 67/2008 protects patents, utility models, industrial designs, trade secrets and geographical indications, alongside trademarks, which are also governed by the GCC Trademark Law. Commercial IP disputes now fall within the jurisdiction of the Court of Investment and Commerce.

Industrial designs: registering the distinctive appearance of a product, such as packaging, furniture or jewellery, provided it is new and was not disclosed to the public before filing, and acting against copies.
Trade secrets: protecting undisclosed information, such as recipes, client lists and manufacturing methods, through confidentiality and non-compete clauses, and suing those who disclose or misuse it, such as former employees or partners.
Unfair competition: acting against conduct contrary to honest commercial practice, such as suggesting a false connection with your business or imitating the look of your products.

Frequently asked questions

How do I protect my trade secrets from employees and partners?

Protection starts with practical steps to keep information confidential, such as restricting access, and with carefully drafted confidentiality and non-compete clauses in employment, partnership and supply contracts. If the information is disclosed or misused, you can seek an injunction and compensation under the Industrial Property Rights Law and the contract.

Is my foreign trademark registration valid in Oman?

Generally no. Trademark rights are territorial, so a registration in another country does not automatically protect you in Oman. Foreign companies should register in the Sultanate before entering the market; we can combine this with our investor and company services.

How long does trademark and patent protection last in Oman?

A registered trademark is protected for 10 years from the filing date and can be renewed for further equal periods. A patent expires 20 years after the application is filed, provided the prescribed fees and formalities are kept up throughout.

What happens during trademark registration in Oman?

The application is filed with the competent department of the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Investment Promotion, examined, and then published so that third parties can oppose it within the period set by law. If there is no opposition, or it is rejected, the registration certificate is issued. A search beforehand reduces the risk of refusal.

What can I do about counterfeit goods in Oman?

Preserve the evidence first. Depending on the facts, remedies may include a formal warning, a complaint to the competent authorities, precautionary seizure of the goods and a civil claim to stop the infringement and recover damages. Your position is far stronger if your mark is registered in Oman.

Which laws govern intellectual property in Oman?

Trademarks, patents and industrial designs are governed mainly by the Industrial Property Rights Law, alongside the GCC trademark law, while copyright has its own statute. Our article on the protection of intellectual property gives a wider overview.

Protect your brand before someone else profits from it. Message us on WhatsApp or call +968 9200 0841 to speak to our team, or visit our office in Al Khuwair, Muscat. We will review your position and set out a clear plan.

Mediation & Dispute Settlement

Not every dispute needs a long court case. Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office, Advocates and Legal Consultants, based in Muscat, acts as your mediation lawyer in Oman, working on settlement, reconciliation and mediation between the parties, whether a case is already before the courts or has not yet been filed. With over 20 years of experience, we serve individuals and businesses across the Sultanate, always preserving our client's legal rights and staying within the law and the customs that govern amicable settlement.

Amicable settlement in Oman: the legal framework

Oman's Conciliation and Settlement Law, issued by Royal Decree 98/2005, provides for conciliation and settlement committees. Using them is optional, and they can hear civil, commercial and personal status disputes before a lawsuit is filed. Applications are free of fees, and a signed settlement record is an enforceable instrument. Parties to a pending case may also settle and ask the court to record their settlement under the Civil and Commercial Procedure Law.

When do you need a settlement lawyer?

A dispute with an Omani partner, sponsor, supplier or customer that you would rather resolve without ending the business relationship.
An unpaid debt, owed to you or by you, that could be settled with a written repayment schedule instead of a claim.
A disagreement with an employer or employee over wages, end-of-service gratuity or termination.
A landlord–tenant dispute over unpaid rent, eviction or maintenance.
A family matter, such as maintenance, custody or an inheritance, that you want handled quietly and privately.
A case already in court where both sides now see value in settling.
A settlement offer you have received and want checked before you sign it.

How we help

Mediation between the parties: contacting the other side or their lawyer and running structured negotiations.
Settlement of pending cases: pursuing a settlement while the case is heard and having it recorded as the law provides.
Pre-action settlement: resolving the dispute early, before costs and procedure escalate.
Assessing your position: reviewing the documents so you negotiate knowing what a court would likely consider.
Drafting settlement agreements: clear terms on amounts, payment dates, obligations and the consequences of default.
Representation before conciliation and settlement committees and other bodies that handle amicable settlement.
Following up on performance: if the other side defaults, we take the appropriate enforcement or litigation steps.

Family disputes are handled together with our personal status cases team. If a debtor breaks an agreed repayment plan, we move to debt collection, and where the contract contains an arbitration clause, commercial arbitration may be the better route.

How we work with you

First contact: tell us about the dispute by WhatsApp, phone or at our Al Khuwair office.
Review: we study the contract, correspondence and payments, and identify your rights.
Strategy: we agree your goals, your minimum acceptable outcome and the alternatives if settlement fails.
Negotiation or mediation: we approach the other side directly or apply to the competent committee.
Agreement: you approve the final wording before signing, and we document it in an enforceable form.
Follow-up: we see the agreement through, or move to litigation if no settlement is reached.

Documents to prepare

Passport or resident card, and the commercial registration for a company.
The contract in dispute: commercial, employment or tenancy.
Invoices, statements, cheques and payment receipts.
Correspondence, including emails and WhatsApp messages.
Any claim, judgment or decision already issued, and any earlier settlement offer.

Frequently asked questions

Is a settlement agreement binding in Oman?

It depends on its form. A settlement record signed before a conciliation and settlement committee is an enforceable instrument by law, and a settlement recorded by a court carries similar weight. A private agreement is a binding contract, but forcing performance may require court action, so we choose the strongest form for each case.

Do I have to go to a conciliation committee first?

No, the law makes these committees optional. Some disputes, such as labour claims, may pass through an amicable settlement stage with the competent authority before reaching court, and we will tell you which route applies.

How long does amicable settlement take?

The law requires a committee to finish within 60 days of the application, extendable by 30 days with the parties' agreement. Direct negotiation depends on the other side's cooperation.

Will I lose my right to sue if I try to settle first?

No. If settlement fails, you can still go to court. Applying to a committee interrupts time limits under the law, but private negotiation may not, so we monitor the legal deadlines throughout.

What is the difference between mediation and arbitration?

A mediator helps the parties reach their own agreement and imposes nothing. An arbitrator issues a binding award under an arbitration agreement.

If you have a commercial, employment, tenancy or family dispute in Oman and want to resolve it amicably without giving up your rights, message us on WhatsApp, call +968 9200 0841, or visit our office in Al Khuwair, Muscat, to discuss dispute settlement in Muscat and the best route for your case.

Legal Translation

Oman's courts work in Arabic, and a contract, power of attorney or company document that is poorly translated can change what you have actually agreed to. Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office, Advocates and Legal Consultants, offers legal translation in Muscat from its office in Al Khuwair, serving investors, companies and expatriates across Oman. The office provides legal translation services approved by the legal authorities, through certified legal translators, from Arabic into foreign languages and vice versa, backed by over 20 years of experience.

When do you need legal translation?

You need Arabic legal translation for Omani courts, because an English or other foreign-language document generally has to be filed with an Arabic translation.
You are signing a contract with an Omani party and want to be sure the Arabic and English versions say the same thing.
You have a judgment from an Omani court that you need to use abroad, or a foreign judgment you want to rely on in Oman.
You are issuing a power of attorney for someone to act for you in Oman, or using one issued in your home country.
You are setting up or investing in an Omani company and your parent company's documents, resolutions and articles must be submitted in Arabic.
You need bank statements or medical reports translated for a court claim, an insurance claim or an official application.

How the firm helps

Because translation is done inside a law firm, every document is handled by people who understand how it will be read by a court or a government department. Our services include:

Contracts and agreements translated with accuracy, including sale, lease, employment, partnership, supply, construction and confidentiality agreements.
Court judgments, decisions and orders, keeping the structure of the judgment intact.
Powers of attorney, general and specific, with care over the exact scope of authority granted.
Company documents, such as memoranda and articles of association, board and shareholder resolutions and commercial registration certificates, as part of our services for investors and companies.
Memoranda and pleadings for submission to Omani courts, and legal correspondence received from abroad.
Bank statements and medical reports used as evidence in claims and disputes.
Accurate legal terminology: we use the correct Omani legal equivalent of each term and keep terms consistent throughout the document.
Review by lawyers: our lawyers check translations against the original, and can also review a translation prepared elsewhere before you sign or file it.
Bilingual drafting: where the contract itself needs work, we combine translation with contract preparation and drafting.
Accuracy and speed, with your documents handled in confidence.

How we work with you

Send the document: by WhatsApp, by email or in person at our office, and tell us where it will be submitted.
Assessment: we confirm the language, the type of document and whether the receiving authority requires a certified translation or further attestation.
Translation: a certified legal translator prepares the translation, keeping names and terms consistent.
Legal review: a lawyer from the firm checks the translation against the original, with particular attention to key clauses, figures, dates and names.
Delivery: you receive the translation in the form the receiving authority asks for.
Next steps: if the document is part of a dispute, the firm can file it and handle the case through our judicial and legal representation service.

Documents to prepare

The original document, or a clear copy of every page and annex.
The name of the authority it is for (court, ministry, bank or embassy) and the target language.
The spelling of names as they appear in passports.
Proof of attestation for documents issued abroad, where the receiving authority requires it.

Frequently asked questions

Do Omani courts accept documents in English?

Arabic is the language of the courts in Oman, so a foreign-language document is normally filed with an approved Arabic translation. Documents issued abroad may also need attestation before they are accepted, so it is worth checking the requirements before you file.

Can you translate an Omani judgment for use in my home country?

Yes. We translate judgments and court decisions from Arabic into the language you need. The foreign authority may have its own requirements for attestation or certification, and we can help you work through them.

Can you check a translation I already have before I sign?

Yes. Our lawyers compare the translation with the original and point out any difference in meaning or obligations between the two versions, before that difference becomes a dispute.

How long does a legal translation take?

It depends on the length and complexity of the document, the language and whether legal review is needed. Send us the document and we will confirm the expected delivery date before we start.

If you need legal translation services in Oman for a contract, judgment, power of attorney or company document, message Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office on WhatsApp or call +968 9200 0841, or visit our office in Al Khuwair, Muscat. We will review your document and tell you what the receiving authority is likely to require.

Corporate Dispute Lawyer

A falling-out between partners, a director acting beyond their authority or a distributor contract ending badly can put an entire business in Oman at risk. Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office, Advocates and Legal Consultants, is a corporate dispute lawyer in Oman based in Al Khuwair, Muscat. We act for foreign investors, expatriate shareholders and Omani companies across the Sultanate, drawing on over 20 years of experience.

When do you need a corporate dispute lawyer?

You are in a shareholder dispute in Oman over management, profits or access to the company's books.
You want to exit a company, sell your shares, or buy out a partner who wants to leave.
You suspect a manager or board member has mismanaged the company or exceeded their powers.
Partners disagree over a capital increase or reduction, a new investor, or changes to the articles of association.
The company is deadlocked and dissolution or liquidation is on the table.
A commercial agency or distribution arrangement has been terminated and compensation is disputed.
Your company has been sued, or needs to bring a claim, in the Omani courts.

How we help

Since the Investment and Commerce Court was established in Muscat by Royal Decree 35/2025, most commercial and company disputes in Oman are heard by this specialised court. As commercial litigation lawyers in Muscat, we:

Handle all company matters and lawsuits brought by or against the company, preparing every pleading and submission the law requires.
Resolve shareholder and partner disputes, first by negotiation where that protects the business, and through litigation where it does not.
Pursue or defend management liability claims against managers and directors for mismanagement or breaches of the law or the articles.
Manage capital changes and partner exits, drafting share transfer agreements and shareholder resolutions that respect the rights of other partners and creditors.
Act in dissolution and liquidation, protecting our client's share of the proceeds.
Handle commercial agency disputes under the Commercial Agencies Law and the parties' contract.
Prepare and review internal company regulations, and apply them in the company's interest to prevent future disputes.
Represent companies in arbitration where the articles or contract contain an arbitration clause. See our commercial arbitration service.

We also handle company formation, from drafting the articles of incorporation through to registration. For market entry, see our investors and companies services.

How we work with you

First contact: tell us about the dispute by WhatsApp, phone or at our office.
Document review: we study the articles, resolutions, accounts and correspondence against the Oman Commercial Companies Law.
Assessment: we explain your position and the options: negotiation, mediation, arbitration or court.
Settlement attempt: where it serves you, we negotiate and draft the settlement.
Litigation: we prepare the claim and represent you at every stage.
After judgment: we follow enforcement, liquidation steps or Commercial Register changes.

Documents to prepare

Articles of association and all amendments.
Commercial Register certificate and the list of shareholders and authorised signatories.
Minutes of partners', general assembly and board meetings.
Financial statements and auditor's reports.
Agency agreements or other disputed contracts, with related correspondence.

Documents in English may need a certified Arabic translation before they are filed in court.

Mergers, acquisitions and governance of public joint stock companies

Corporate disputes are not limited to disagreements between partners in small and medium companies. Mergers and acquisitions and governance issues in public joint stock companies also need careful legal handling, because in addition to the Commercial Companies Law they are subject to rules issued by the Financial Services Authority, including the Code of Corporate Governance for public joint stock companies and the takeover and acquisition regulation, which may require an acquirer who reaches certain shareholding thresholds to make an offer to the remaining shareholders.

M&A: legal due diligence on the target, drafting share purchase and merger agreements, and handling merger procedures while protecting creditors and objecting shareholders.
Competition clearance: assessing whether a deal creates an economic concentration that needs approval under the competition law, with our e-commerce and competition service.
Corporate governance: reviewing board and management compliance with governance, disclosure and conflict-of-interest rules, and preparing internal policies and regulations.
Public company disputes: challenging unlawful general assembly and board resolutions, protecting minority shareholders, and director liability claims.
Management disputes: disputes over the appointment, removal or powers of managers, and applications for an interim manager or receiver when management is deadlocked.

Frequently asked questions

Does acquiring a company in Oman need special approvals?

It depends on the type of company and the size of the deal. Acquiring shares in a listed public joint stock company is subject to the Financial Services Authority's takeover rules, large deals may need approval under the competition law, and some sectors require regulatory consent. We start every deal with due diligence that identifies the approvals needed before signing.

How are shareholder disputes resolved in Oman?

We start with the articles of association, which often set out voting and dispute rules, then try negotiation or mediation. If that fails, the dispute goes to arbitration where there is an arbitration clause, or otherwise to the competent court.

Which court hears corporate disputes in Oman?

The Investment and Commerce Court in Muscat hears disputes between partners or shareholders, and between them and the company, alongside other commercial cases, unless the parties have agreed to arbitration.

Can a partner be forced out of an Omani company?

As a rule, the other partners cannot simply vote a partner out. An exit usually happens by agreeing a buy-out, under the mechanism in the articles, or by court order where the law allows it.

Can a manager or director be held personally liable?

Yes. A manager or board member can be liable to the company, the shareholders or third parties for breaches of the law or the articles, or for mismanagement. Claims must be brought within the period set by law.

Do I need to be in Oman to pursue a dispute?

Not always. With a properly authenticated power of attorney, we can represent you while you are abroad and keep you updated throughout.

Speak to a corporate lawyer in Muscat

If your company faces a partner, management or agency dispute, early advice can protect both your investment and the business. Message us on WhatsApp or +968 9200 0841, or visit our office in Al Khuwair, Muscat, to discuss your options.

Labour & Employment Lawyer

Whether you are an expatriate owed wages or gratuity, or a company facing a claim from a former employee, an experienced labour lawyer in Oman can turn an uncertain dispute into a managed process. Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office, Advocates and Legal Consultants is based in Al Khuwair, Muscat, and acts for employees and employers across the Sultanate, drawing on over 20 years of experience.

When do you need an employment lawyer in Muscat?

Your employment has been terminated without a valid reason, or without the procedure the law requires (unfair dismissal).
Your salary has been delayed, reduced or withheld.
Your employer disputes your end of service gratuity, unused annual leave or notice pay.
You have received a warning or disciplinary penalty that you believe is unjustified.
You are an expatriate with a dispute linked to your work permit, residence card, return ticket or an absence-from-work report filed against you.
You are an employer and a complaint has been lodged against your company with the Ministry of Labour, or a claim has reached court.
You are a foreign investor setting up in Oman and want compliant employment contracts from the start.

How we help employees and employers

Oman issued a new Labour Law in 2023, reorganising many rules on contracts, termination, discipline and entitlements, so we assess every matter against the provisions in force. Our work includes:

Labour complaints: filing complaints with the labour dispute settlement department at the Ministry of Labour and following them through the amicable settlement stage.
Court proceedings: taking the case forward once it is referred to court, before the Primary Court and, where necessary, the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court.
Defending companies: preparing applications, statements of claim and defence memoranda, and answering employee claims.
Representing employees: claiming unpaid wages, end of service gratuity, compensation for unfair dismissal and other statutory rights.
Calculating entitlements under the Oman Labour Law and the employment contract before a claim is filed or a settlement is signed.
Negotiated settlements where they serve the client better than litigation.
Enforcement of labour judgments once they are issued.
Prevention: drafting and reviewing employment contracts, disciplinary regulations and HR policies.

How we work with you

First contact: message us on WhatsApp, call, or visit the office and outline the dispute.
Document review: we examine your contract, payslips, correspondence and any termination letter.
Legal opinion: we explain your position and your options (settlement, complaint or defence) without promising a particular outcome.
Ministry of Labour stage: we prepare the complaint or the response and follow the settlement sessions.
Litigation: if no settlement is reached, we pursue or defend the case in court.
Judgment and enforcement: we follow the judgment, any appeal, and its enforcement.

Documents to prepare

Your employment contract and any amendments.
Payslips or bank statements showing salary transfers.
Passport, residence card and work permit details (for expatriates).
Termination or resignation letter, warnings and any investigation records.
Relevant emails and messages.
For employers: work regulations, disciplinary regulations, attendance and payroll records.

Court proceedings in Oman are conducted in Arabic. If your documents are in English, our legal translation service can prepare them for submission.

Frequently asked questions

Do I have to go to the Ministry of Labour before court?

Individual labour disputes usually begin with a complaint to the Ministry of Labour, which tries to settle the matter amicably. If settlement fails, the dispute is referred to the competent court. These steps are subject to time limits set by law, so it is wise to seek advice as soon as the dispute arises.

How is end of service gratuity calculated in Oman?

End of service gratuity depends on your length of service and your wage, on the basis set by law, and may be affected by the Social Protection Law for some categories of workers. Because the calculation varies from case to case, we review your contract and service history before confirming what is due.

What counts as unfair dismissal in Oman?

Broadly, a dismissal is unfair when the employer ends the contract without a legitimate reason recognised by law, or without following the required procedure. The employee may then claim compensation assessed by the court within the limits set by law, in addition to other entitlements such as unpaid wages and gratuity.

Does the Labour Law protect expats in Oman?

Yes. The Labour Law applies to expatriate workers in the private sector, covering wages, leave, termination and end of service entitlements, with specific rules on work permits and some matters that differ between Omani and expatriate workers. A legal consultation can clarify your rights before you act.

I am an employer. How should I respond to a labour complaint?

Respond within the time given, gather the contract, payroll and disciplinary records, and take advice before any settlement session.

If you are an employee seeking your rights, or an employer facing a claim, speak to our team about your case. Message us on WhatsApp, call +968 9200 0841, or visit our office in Al Khuwair, Muscat.

Legal Consultation

Whether you are setting up a business, signing a contract or facing a dispute, a legal consultation in Muscat tells you where you stand under Omani law before you commit to anything. Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office, Advocates and Legal Consultants, based in Al Khuwair, Muscat, provides legal advice across Oman to foreign investors, expatriates, Omani individuals and companies, drawing on over 20 years of experience.

When do you need legal advice in Oman?

Before signing a contract in Oman, particularly one governed by Omani law or written in Arabic.
Before investing, setting up a company or bringing in a local partner.
When a dispute is developing with a partner, client, supplier or employer.
When you receive a legal notice, a claim or court papers and need to know what happens next.
As an expatriate employee facing termination, unpaid wages or end-of-service questions.
When your company needs a legal consultant in Oman it can turn to for everyday decisions.
In family and personal status matters, such as marriage, divorce, custody or inheritance, where Sharia-based rules apply.

Our legal consultancy services

The firm offers legal consultancy services across civil, commercial, labour, corporate and Sharia matters, through a team of lawyers and legal advisers experienced in the different branches of Omani law. Our work includes:

Advisory meetings: a lawyer reviews your facts and documents and explains your position, options and risks.
Written legal opinions: a memorandum setting out the facts, the relevant law and our recommendation, which you can share with your board or head office.
Review before you act: checking a decision or step you are planning before you take it, to reduce avoidable legal risk.
Contract advice: reviewing contracts before signature and identifying the clauses that need changing, or drafting the contract from the outset.
Dispute advice: assessing an actual or potential dispute and whether negotiation, arbitration or litigation best serves your interests.
Ongoing advice for companies: a retainer-style arrangement covering your routine legal questions, from contracts and staff matters to claims.
Representation when needed: if the matter requires formal proceedings, the firm can take on judicial and legal representation before the courts and the competent authorities.

You can read more about the areas we advise on in our article on legal consulting services.

How a consultation works

Get in touch: call or WhatsApp us on +968 92000841 with a short description of your matter, and we will arrange an appointment.
Send documents in advance: where possible, share copies of the relevant documents before the meeting so the lawyer can review them.
The consultation: the lawyer hears the full facts and explains your legal position and options.
Written opinion on request: if you need advice on record, the firm prepares a written legal memorandum after studying the documents.
Next steps: you decide how to proceed, acting on the advice yourself or instructing the firm to take the matter forward.

What to bring

Your passport or resident card, and the commercial registration if you are consulting for a company.
The contract or agreement in question, including annexes and amendments.
Correspondence with the other party, including emails and formal notices.
Any judgments, decisions, court notices or official claims you have received.
Invoices, receipts and statements if the matter involves money.
A short written timeline of events and what you want to achieve.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between legal advice and instructing a lawyer to represent me?

A consultation means a lawyer explains your position and options, and you decide what to do next. Representation means the lawyer acts on your behalf before the courts or the authorities. Many matters are resolved at the advice stage.

Is what I tell you confidential?

Yes. Lawyers are bound to keep their clients' information confidential, a duty imposed by the law regulating the legal profession and by professional ethics. The firm treats your documents and information in strict confidence.

Should I sign a contract in Arabic that I cannot read?

You should not sign any contract until you fully understand it. We can review the Arabic text, explain what it commits you to and recommend changes before you sign. For a guide to picking the right adviser, see our article on how to choose a lawyer in Muscat (in Arabic).

Can I arrange a consultation from outside Muscat or outside Oman?

Yes. We receive enquiries from across Oman and from abroad. Contact us on WhatsApp with your documents and we will agree the most suitable way to hold the consultation.

Do you offer ongoing legal advice to companies?

Yes. Companies can agree an ongoing advisory arrangement with the firm, giving them a consistent legal adviser who knows their business. The scope is set according to each company's needs.

If you have a legal question and want to know your position before you act, book a legal consultation at our office in Al Khuwair, Muscat. Message us on WhatsApp or call +968 9200 0841, and our team will arrange a suitable appointment.

Contract Drafting Lawyer

A contract is only as good as its performance on the day a dispute arises. As a contract lawyer in Oman, Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office, Advocates and Legal Consultants drafts and reviews contracts for foreign investors, expatriates and Omani businesses from our office in Muscat, serving clients across the Sultanate with over 20 years of experience. Our starting point is simple: a contract is the law of its parties and binds them within the limits of the law and public order, so every clause must be drafted to protect your position under Omani law.

When do you need a contract lawyer in Muscat?

You are entering the Omani market and signing supply, distribution or service agreements with local partners.
You are setting up a joint venture or bringing in a new shareholder and need clear rules on management, profits and exit.
You are hiring staff in Oman and want employment contracts that comply with the Labour Law.
You are leasing an office, shop, warehouse or home, or commissioning construction or fit-out works.
The other side has sent you their standard contract and you need to know what you are agreeing to before you sign.
You are sharing confidential information with a prospective partner and need a non-disclosure agreement.
You need the contract in both English and Arabic so that it works for you and before Omani authorities.

How we help with contract drafting in Muscat

We prepare and draft all types of contracts in a legal form that safeguards our client's rights, in line with the legislation and regulations that govern each type of agreement. Our work includes:

Commercial contracts in Oman: sale, supply, distribution and service agreements, drafted with the Commercial Law and related legislation in mind.
Shareholder and partnership agreements: shareholdings, governance, voting, transfer restrictions, deadlock and exit, working alongside our investor and corporate services.
Employment contracts: contracts for Omani and expatriate staff and internal work regulations.
Lease agreements: residential and commercial leases with clear terms on rent, renewal, maintenance and vacating.
Agency and distribution: territory, exclusivity, commission and termination rights.
Construction contracts: scope, programme, payments, guarantees, delay penalties and variations.
NDAs and confidentiality agreements.
Contract review before signing: a clause-by-clause review highlighting risks and one-sided terms, with proposed alternative wording.
Bilingual contracts: Arabic and English versions that match, supported by our legal translation service where needed.
Dispute resolution clauses: choice of courts or commercial arbitration, seat, language and governing law.

How we work with you

First contact: tell us the type of contract, the parties and the deal, and send any draft or correspondence you have.
Understanding the deal: we discuss the commercial terms and agree what you must protect and where you can be flexible.
Drafting or review: we prepare a draft, or give you written comments and a marked-up version of the other side's document.
Negotiation: we support you in discussing changes with the other party or their lawyers.
Final version and signing: we check the final text and advise on any notarisation or registration it may require.

Documents to prepare

Passports or Omani ID cards of the parties, and the commercial registration of any company, with proof of the signatory's authority.
Any existing draft, quotation, memorandum of understanding or correspondence.
The key commercial terms: price, payment method, duration and delivery dates.
Title deed for leases; drawings and specifications for construction contracts.

Frequently asked questions

Can my contract in Oman be in English only?

Parties often negotiate in English, but proceedings before the Omani courts are conducted in Arabic, so an English-only contract may need a certified translation if it is ever disputed, and some contracts have their own form and language requirements. A bilingual contract that states which version prevails avoids that risk.

Can you review a contract the other side has drafted?

Yes. Contract review is one of our most common requests. We explain the risks in plain terms, suggest alternative wording and help you negotiate it before you sign.

Can I choose a foreign law to govern my contract?

Parties have some freedom to choose the governing law, but certain mandatory Omani rules, for example on employment, real estate and commercial agency, may apply regardless. We advise on what is realistic for your transaction.

Should I choose arbitration or the courts?

It depends on the value of the deal, the parties' nationalities, confidentiality and where any award or judgment would need to be enforced. We explain the options before the clause is agreed.

Are online contract templates enough?

Templates are usually written for other legal systems and do not reflect Omani law or the specifics of your deal. They often look complete until the one issue that matters arises.

Send us your draft or deal terms on WhatsApp, call +968 9200 0841, or visit our Al Khuwair office in Muscat to discuss your contract before you sign.

Judgment Enforcement Lawyer

Winning a case in Oman is only half the job: a judgment is worth what you can actually recover under it. Our judgment enforcement lawyers in Muscat open and pursue execution files before the competent courts, helping companies, investors and expatriates collect what they are owed anywhere in the Sultanate. Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office, Advocates and Legal Consultants, brings over 20 years of experience to the enforcement of judgments in Oman.

When do you need an enforcement lawyer?

You hold a final (or provisionally enforceable) judgment and the other party has not paid or complied voluntarily.
You have another enforceable instrument, such as an arbitral award or a notarised document, and want it executed.
The debtor is moving or hiding assets, or you are concerned they may leave Oman before paying.
Your execution file has stalled and you are abroad or cannot attend court yourself.
You are the judgment debtor and believe the enforcement steps taken against you are unlawful or excessive.
You obtained a judgment overseas and want to know how enforcing a foreign judgment in Oman works.

How we help

Filing for execution: we receive the judgment, check that it is enforceable and submit it with the execution application to the court, opening a file before the enforcement judge.
Following the file through: we review and follow up every notice, request and decision until execution is completed in the client's favour.
Enforcement measures: we request asset searches, attachment of bank accounts, movables and real estate, garnishment of sums held by third parties, and a travel ban where the law allows it.
Receiving the award: we follow the sale of attached assets or the transfer of attached funds until the adjudged amounts reach you.
Objections to stop execution: where there are proper grounds, we prepare an enforcement objection (istishkal) to suspend execution of a judgment by lawful means.
Grievances: we challenge decisions of the enforcement judge that harm your position within the time allowed by law.
Foreign judgments and awards: we assess whether a foreign judgment can be declared enforceable under the Civil and Commercial Procedure Code and applicable treaties, and handle the application.
Negotiated settlements: where it serves you, we agree instalment plans or settlements and record them with the court.

How we work with you

First contact: send us the judgment and what you know about the debtor by WhatsApp, phone or email.
Assessment: we confirm enforceability, identify the competent court and outline a realistic enforcement strategy.
Power of attorney: once signed (we can advise on execution from abroad), we file the execution application.
Enforcement steps: we apply for notices, attachments and other measures suited to the debtor's assets.
Defending the file: we attend hearings on your behalf and respond to any objection raised by the other side.
Recovery and reporting: we pursue the file until the amounts are received and keep you updated in English throughout.

Documents to prepare

A copy of the judgment or other enforceable instrument, with proof that it is final or provisionally enforceable.
A power of attorney in favour of the firm.
Your passport or resident card, or the company's commercial registration.
Any known details of the debtor: address, employer, bank or assets.
For foreign judgments: an officially certified copy, a legal Arabic translation (see our legal translation service), and proof of service and finality in the issuing country.

Enforcement disputes and provisional enforcement

During enforcement a dispute may arise that is separate from the underlying right, concerning the enforcement steps themselves or the assets attached. The law distinguishes two kinds of enforcement disputes:

Interim enforcement disputes: seeking a temporary measure, such as suspending or continuing enforcement until the dispute is decided.
Substantive enforcement disputes: seeking a final ruling on whether enforcement is valid, for example because the instrument is not enforceable, the debt has been paid, or the attached asset belongs to a third party or is exempt from attachment.
Provisional enforcement: some judgments can be enforced before they become final, by law or by order of the court, sometimes against security. We help you apply for it or seek its suspension, depending on your position.
Third-party objections: representing a person whose assets were attached although they are not a party to the judgment.

For challenges to the enforcement judge's decisions, see our article on grievances against enforcement judge decisions in Oman.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between an interim and a substantive enforcement dispute?

An interim dispute asks for a temporary measure, such as suspending or continuing enforcement until the matter is decided, without resolving the merits. A substantive dispute asks for a final ruling on the validity of enforcement or ownership of the attached asset. The two are often brought together, and the right route depends on how urgent the harm is.

How are judgments enforced in Oman?

The creditor files an execution application with the enforceable judgment at the competent court. An execution file is opened under the supervision of the enforcement judge, the debtor is notified to comply, and if they do not, compulsory measures such as attachment of assets can be requested.

Can a foreign judgment be enforced in Oman?

Yes, subject to conditions. The Omani court reviews matters such as the jurisdiction of the foreign court, proper service on the parties, finality, consistency with Omani public order and earlier Omani judgments, and reciprocity or an applicable treaty. It does not normally re-try the merits.

Can the debtor's bank account be frozen or a travel ban imposed?

The law allows attachment of a debtor's funds held with banks and third parties, and a travel ban may be requested in the circumstances and under the conditions set by law. The enforcement judge decides each request on the facts of the file.

Can I challenge enforcement taken against me?

Yes. Omani law provides for an enforcement objection (istishkal) and for grievances against decisions of the enforcement judge. Each has its own conditions and time limits, so seek advice promptly.

Do not let a judgment sit unenforced. Contact our Al Khuwair office in Muscat on WhatsApp or call +968 9200 0841 to have your judgment reviewed. If your case is still before the courts, see our judicial and legal representation service.

Debt Collection Lawyer

If you are a company, investor or expatriate in the Sultanate of Oman and someone owes you money, working with a debt collection lawyer in Oman gives you a structured, lawful route to recovery. Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office, Advocates and Legal Consultants is based in Al Khuwair, Muscat, and acts for individuals and companies across Oman.

Unlike a traditional debt collection company, we are a licensed law firm. That means we can negotiate first and, where needed, take the matter to court and follow the judgment through to enforcement, drawing on over 20 years of experience.

When do you need a debt recovery lawyer?

A customer or trading partner has not paid invoices that are well past their due date.
You hold a cheque that was returned unpaid by the bank.
You lent money to an individual and they refuse to repay it.
You are a contractor or supplier and have not been paid for work or goods delivered.
The debtor is delaying, has changed address, or may dispose of assets before paying.
Your company has a backlog of receivables that needs a proper recovery plan.

How we help with debt recovery in Muscat

Case assessment: we review your contracts, invoices, cheques and correspondence and tell you honestly how strong your claim is.
Amicable settlement: a formal legal notice to the debtor, followed by negotiation towards full payment or a binding written instalment plan.
Court proceedings: preparing and filing the appropriate claim before the competent Primary Court, and representing you on appeal where required.
Protective measures: applying for the measures the law allows to protect your position, such as a precautionary attachment of the debtor's assets, where the conditions are met.
Enforcement: following the judgment through the enforcement process until the money is collected, through our judgment enforcement service.
Corporate receivables: handling portfolios of unpaid invoices for companies at reasonable cost, with regular status updates.
Advice to debtors: we also advise debtors who want to settle their obligations in an orderly, lawful way.

We take on the burden of collection on your behalf, aiming to recover what you are owed as quickly and cost-effectively as possible. For a practical overview, read our guide How to recover your money.

How we work with you

First contact: send us a short summary of the debt and the debtor by WhatsApp or phone.
Document review: we assess your evidence and explain your options in plain English.
Engagement: we agree the scope of work and fees in writing, and you sign a power of attorney.
Demand and negotiation: we issue the legal notice and negotiate, recording any payment agreement in writing.
Litigation: if settlement fails, we start proceedings under the Civil and Commercial Procedure Code.
Enforcement and collection: we pursue enforcement until the judgment sum reaches you, keeping you informed at every stage.

Documents to prepare

The contract or agreement with the debtor, if any.
Invoices, purchase orders and delivery notes.
Original cheques and the bank's return memo.
Statements of account and bank transfer records.
Emails, letters or WhatsApp messages in which the debtor acknowledges the debt.
The debtor's details: name, ID or commercial registration number, and address.

How much weight each document carries is governed by the Law of Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions, so we review your file with you before taking any step.

Frequently asked questions

Should I use a law firm or a debt collection company in Oman?

A collection agency can usually only chase and negotiate. A law firm can do that and also file a claim, appear in court and pursue enforcement, so your file stays with one team from start to finish.

Can I recover unpaid invoices in Oman without going to court?

Often, yes. A formal legal notice and structured negotiation lead many debtors to pay or agree a schedule. We recommend amicable settlement first where it is realistic, as it is usually faster and cheaper.

I am based outside Oman. Can you act for me?

Yes. Much of the work can be handled remotely, provided a valid power of attorney is in place. We will explain the formalities that apply to documents signed abroad.

Is there a time limit for claiming a debt?

Yes. Omani law sets limitation periods after which certain claims can no longer be brought, and they vary with the type of debt and transaction. Do not wait; ask us which period applies to your case.

How long does debt recovery take?

It depends on the debtor's cooperation, the strength of the documents, the stages of litigation and enforcement. No lawyer can promise a timeframe or an outcome, but we keep you updated throughout.

If you are owed money in Oman, do not let it sit. Contact our office in Al Khuwair, Muscat on WhatsApp or call +968 9200 0841, send us a summary of the debt, and we will review your position and recommend the most suitable route to recovery.

Insurance Claims Lawyer

An insurer has refused your claim, offered far less than your loss, or left a car accident claim unpaid for months. As an insurance claim lawyer in Oman, Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office, Advocates and Legal Consultants acts for individuals, expatriates and companies in insurance disputes. We are based in Muscat, serve clients throughout the Sultanate and bring over 20 years of experience to the work.

When do you need an insurance lawyer in Oman?

You were involved in a road accident and are seeking car accident compensation in Oman for vehicle damage or personal injury.
Your insurer has rejected a claim on the basis of an exclusion or an alleged breach of policy conditions that you dispute.
The settlement offered does not reflect the real cost of repair, replacement or medical treatment.
Your claim has been delayed without a clear explanation.
You have a health insurance dispute, such as refused cover for treatment, or a property claim for fire, theft or damaged goods.
Your business faces a marine or cargo insurance claim, or a professional liability dispute.
You are an insurer seeking to recover a paid claim from the party who caused the loss (subrogation).

How we help

Advice on insurance coverage: we give legal opinions to individuals and companies on their cover, including fire and property loss, motor accidents, professional negligence and personal injury, and explain what the policy includes and excludes.
Preparing and pursuing claims: we draft the claim, assemble the supporting evidence and follow it through with the insurer.
Negotiating with insurers: we settle disputes over insurance amounts and negotiate payment, aiming for a fair settlement before litigation where that serves the client.
Regulatory complaints: we help you file an insurance complaint with the Financial Services Authority, the body that supervises the insurance sector in Oman and accepts complaints online.
Court representation: we represent clients in all insurance-related cases before the Primary Court, the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court through our judicial and legal representation service.
Subrogation and recovery actions: we act for insurers recovering paid claims and for policyholders defending such actions.
Policy review for businesses: we review terms and exclusions before you sign, reducing the risk of later disputes.

How we work with you

First contact: send us a short summary by WhatsApp or phone, including the type of cover and the insurer's position.
Document review: we examine the policy, the accident report and the insurer's correspondence.
Legal opinion and plan: we explain your options, from negotiation to a complaint or court action, and the time limits to watch.
Negotiation: we write to the insurer formally and negotiate the amount.
Litigation if needed: if no settlement is reached, we file and pursue the case through every level of court.
Enforcement: once judgment is given, we follow enforcement through until the amount is paid.

Documents to prepare

The insurance policy, schedules and general and special conditions.
The Royal Oman Police accident report for motor claims.
Medical reports and invoices for injury or health claims.
Repair estimates, surveyor reports and photographs of the damage.
All correspondence with the insurer, including any rejection letter or settlement offer.
Your passport and resident card, or the commercial registration for a company.

Which court hears insurance cases? The Court of Investment and Commerce hears insurance disputes, except claims for damage caused by vehicle accidents, which go to the other competent courts. We handle both and confirm the right court before filing, so no time is lost before the wrong forum.

Frequently asked questions

What can I do if my insurer rejects my claim?

Ask for the reasons in writing, then have a lawyer check whether the exclusion relied on genuinely applies. Depending on the facts, the next step may be negotiation, a complaint to the Financial Services Authority or a claim before the competent court.

How does car accident compensation work in Oman?

The accident report identifies the party at fault, and the claim is then made to the relevant insurer with supporting documents. Compulsory motor cover is governed by the Vehicle Insurance Law, while fault on the road is assessed under the Traffic Law. If the insurer does not pay in full, the balance can be claimed in court.

Can an expatriate bring an insurance claim in Oman?

Yes. Residents and non-residents can pursue claims arising from policies or accidents in Oman. Proceedings are conducted in Arabic, so we handle filings and correspondence and keep you informed in English.

Is there a deadline for suing an insurance company?

Yes. The law sets periods within which claims arising from an insurance contract must be brought, and the policy may also require prompt notice of the loss. Seek advice as soon as a claim is refused or delayed so that your rights are not lost through the passage of time.

Do not accept a settlement below your entitlement before you know where you stand. Contact our office in Al Khuwair, Muscat, on WhatsApp or call +968 9200 0841, and send us your policy and the insurer's letter so we can review your case and advise on the next step.

Litigation & Court Representation

If you are facing a court case in Oman, whether as a claimant, a defendant or a party looking to appeal, you need a litigation lawyer in Oman who knows local procedure and can present your case persuasively in Arabic. Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office, Advocates and Legal Consultants, based in Al Khuwair, Muscat, represents individuals, expatriates and companies before the courts across the Sultanate, drawing on over 20 years of experience.

When do you need a court lawyer in Muscat?

A business partner, client or supplier owes you money and negotiation has failed.
You have been served with a claim and must file a defence before the hearing.
You have lost at first instance and need an appeal lawyer in Oman to challenge the judgment before the Court of Appeal.
You want to take a Court of Appeal judgment to the Supreme Court.
You are involved in a criminal matter, as a victim or as the accused, before the Public Prosecution and the courts.
You have a dispute or grievance before a government committee or public body.
You have left Oman, or live abroad, and cannot follow the proceedings in person.

How we help

Statements of claim: drafting claims, appeals and Supreme Court challenges, supported by legal grounds and the principles established by the Supreme Court.
Defences and memoranda: preparing legal responses to all types of lawsuits under the Civil and Commercial Procedure Law, the Criminal Procedure Law and the laws relevant to your case.
Advocacy in court: attending hearings and pleading before the Primary Court, the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court, in line with the Advocacy and Legal Consultancy Law, under which lawyers plead according to their level of registration.
Appeals and grievances: reviewing judgments, advising on whether an appeal is worthwhile, and filing it within the legal deadline.
Committees and public bodies: representing you before the committees and authorities that handle your dispute.
Enforcement: once you have a judgment, we follow up on enforcement of judgments until it is carried out.

How we work with you

First contact: send us a WhatsApp message or call, and outline the dispute.
Case review: we study your documents and any earlier judgment, identify the competent court and flag every deadline.
Clear advice: we explain your position, your options and the realistic risks, including whether settlement may serve you better than litigation.
Power of attorney: you issue a power of attorney so we can act and appear on your behalf.
Filing: we prepare and file the claim, defence or appeal, and handle registration and service.
Hearings: we attend, submit memoranda and evidence, and report to you after each session.
After judgment: we explain the ruling and either consider an appeal or start enforcement.

Documents to prepare

Passport and residence card, or the commercial registration if a company is the party.
Contracts, invoices, emails, messages and receipts relating to the dispute.
Any claim you have been served with, and the date you received it.
A copy of any judgment you want to appeal, with the date it was issued or served.
Documents in English or another language: these will usually need a certified Arabic translation, which our legal translation service can arrange.

Payment orders, urgent proceedings and petition orders

Not every claim needs a full, lengthy lawsuit. The Civil and Commercial Procedure Law provides faster routes for certain cases, and we choose the one that suits yours:

Payment orders: a summary route for a money debt that is proven in writing, fixed in amount and due, where the judge orders payment without a hearing if the conditions are met, subject to the debtor's right to object.
Urgent proceedings: interim measures where delay would cause harm, such as recording a situation, stopping harmful works or appointing a receiver, without deciding the merits.
Petition orders: applications to the judge for an interim order without the other party, as explained in our article on petition orders in Omani law.
Objections: preparing objections to payment orders and petition orders issued against our clients within the deadlines.
Interpretation and correction of judgments: asking the court to clarify ambiguity in a judgment or correct purely clerical errors.

Frequently asked questions

What is a payment order and when can I apply for one?

A payment order is a summary route to claim a money debt that is proven in writing, fixed in amount and due, such as sums in signed invoices or written acknowledgements. The judge issues it without hearings if the conditions are met, and the debtor may object. Because an application that does not meet the conditions is rejected, we review your documents first to decide between a payment order and an ordinary claim.

Are court proceedings in Oman conducted in English?

No. Arabic is the language of the Omani courts, so pleadings are filed in Arabic and foreign-language evidence generally needs a certified translation. We explain every step to you in English.

How long do I have to appeal a judgment in Oman?

The law sets a fixed period for appealing to the Court of Appeal and another for challenging a judgment before the Supreme Court. Missing it usually ends your right to appeal, so contact us as soon as a judgment is issued.

Do I need to be in Oman for my case?

In most civil and commercial cases, your lawyer can appear on your behalf under a power of attorney. The court may still require personal attendance in some situations, and criminal cases have their own rules. We will tell you in advance if you need to attend.

Does the Supreme Court re-hear the facts?

Generally not. The Supreme Court reviews whether the law and procedure were applied correctly, rather than re-examining the evidence, so a challenge before it must be built on precise legal grounds.

Can every lawyer plead before the higher courts?

No. Under the Advocacy and Legal Consultancy Law, a lawyer's right to appear before the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court depends on their level of registration. We confirm the right level of representation at the outset.

If you have a case pending or a judgment you want to challenge, do not wait until the deadline approaches. Contact us on WhatsApp or call +968 9200 0841, or visit our office in Al Khuwair, Muscat, to discuss your case with a court lawyer in Muscat.

Rental & Real Estate Lawyer

Whether you let property in Oman or rent a home or shop here, most landlord and tenant disputes stopped going to court in 2025. As a rental dispute lawyer and real estate lawyer in Oman, Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office, Advocates and Legal Consultants handles rent, eviction and property disputes before the new rent dispute committees and the courts. Based in Muscat, we serve clients across Oman with over 20 years of experience.

What changed in 2025: rent dispute committees

Royal Decree 12/2025 amended the rules of Royal Decree 6/89, which governs relations between landlords and tenants of homes, shops and industrial premises. The amendment came into force six months after its issue in January 2025. Key points:

Each governorate now has one or more rent dispute committees, chaired by a Primary Court judge, hearing all disputes under the rent rules, including eviction.
Claims are filed in writing or through the Ministry of Interior's electronic system, and notices may be served by SMS or email.
The committee must decide a claim within 90 days of it being referred.
Committee decisions are final and cannot be challenged by any route of appeal provided by law, so the case must be prepared properly the first time.
Decisions are enforced through the enforcement judge of the local Primary Court, within 30 days under the law, and a party who can comply but refuses may be detained.
Cases already filed in court before the change stay with the courts.

Property sale, brokerage, developer and co-ownership disputes generally remain with the courts.

When do you need a landlord and tenant lawyer in Muscat?

Your tenant has stopped paying rent and you want the arrears, eviction, or both.
You are an expatriate tenant who has received an eviction notice or a rent increase and want to know where you stand.
There is a disagreement over the deposit, damage or repairs when a lease ends.
Your lease is not registered with the municipality, or its terms are unclear.
You bought or sold property and there is a dispute over the price, handover, title transfer or defects.
A broker is claiming commission you believe is not due, or failed in their duties.
A developer has delayed handing over an off-plan unit, or delivered something different from the contract.
You co-own property with partners or heirs and need to divide it or agree on its use.

How we help

Preparing, filing and following up all rental claims before the rent dispute committee, and before the courts for cases still pending there.
Eviction applications and defences, for landlords and tenants.
Claims for unpaid rent and compensation for damage, working with our debt collection service where needed.
Requesting a court-appointed expert to assess the rental value of the property and any damage.
Enforcing committee decisions before the enforcement judge.
Drafting and reviewing leases and sale agreements, and handling registration, through our contract drafting service.
Court cases over property sales, broker disputes under the Real Estate Brokerage Law, developer disputes and co-ownership.

How we work with you

You contact us by WhatsApp or phone with a short summary.
We review your lease or contract, receipts and correspondence, and confirm whether the committee or a court has jurisdiction.
Where it makes sense, we start with a formal notice or a negotiated settlement.
We prepare and file the claim in Arabic, with certified translations of any English documents, and attend the hearings.
Once a decision is issued, we follow its enforcement until it is carried out.

Documents to prepare

The lease or sale agreement, and proof of registration.
Title deed, or proof of the landlord's or seller's authority.
Rent receipts, bank statements and cheques.
Emails, WhatsApp messages and any notices exchanged.
Passport and residence card, or commercial registration for a company.

Frequently asked questions

Can a landlord in Oman evict a tenant without going to the committee?

Eviction should go through a decision of the rent dispute committee, based on a ground the law recognises, and then through the enforcement judge. A landlord who removes a tenant on their own risks legal liability.

Can I appeal a rent dispute committee decision?

No. The amended law makes the committee's decision final and not open to appeal. Disputes about enforcing it go to the enforcement judge.

Do I need to be in Oman for the case?

Claims and documents can be filed electronically, and the committee may decide a case without the parties attending in person unless it requires them to. We can act for you under a power of attorney.

Does my lease have to be registered?

Omani law requires leases to be registered with the relevant municipality. A registered lease is much easier to rely on if a dispute arises.

If you have a rental or property dispute in Oman, contact us on WhatsApp or call +968 9200 0841, or visit our office in Al Khuwair, Muscat. We will review your documents and explain your options before anything is filed.

Consumer Protection Lawyer

Whether you bought a faulty product in Muscat or your business has received a notice from the Consumer Protection Authority, an experienced consumer protection lawyer in Oman can tell you where you stand before you act. Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office, Advocates and Legal Consultants, based in Al Khuwair, Muscat, represents both consumers and businesses across Oman, drawing on over 20 years of experience.

When do you need a consumer protection lawyer?

Expatriates and foreign-owned businesses are often unfamiliar with how consumer disputes work in Oman. We typically help in situations such as:

A car, appliance or electronic device is defective and the seller or dealer refuses to repair, replace or refund it.
A warranty claim is ignored, or the same fault keeps returning after several repairs.
You relied on a misleading advertisement, promotion or discount, or were charged more than the displayed price.
A paid service, such as maintenance, travel, training or home works, was not delivered or was delivered poorly.
Your business has received a violation report or administrative fine from the Consumer Protection Authority, or goods have been seized.
Your company faces a commercial fraud allegation referred to the Public Prosecution.
You are entering the Omani retail market and want your warranty, returns and advertising practices reviewed before launch.

How we help

We follow consumer cases before the competent authorities and the courts through to judgment, under the Consumer Protection Law and its Executive Regulation. Our work includes:

Reviewing your documents and advising on your rights and obligations under the Consumer Protection Law.
Preparing and following up complaints to the Consumer Protection Authority, and negotiating amicable settlements.
Filing claims for refunds and compensation, and handling defence, pleadings, written memoranda and oral argument through our judicial and legal representation service.
Defending businesses against violation reports and administrative fines, including grievances and challenges.
Defending companies and individuals in commercial fraud and misleading advertising cases before the Public Prosecution and criminal courts.
Consumer law compliance reviews of warranties, return policies, invoices, price labelling, advertising and standard terms, as part of our corporate services.
Following up the enforcement of judgments issued in the client's favour.

How we work with you

First contact: send us a WhatsApp message or call, briefly describe the issue, and we arrange a meeting at our office or remotely.
Document review: we examine invoices, contracts, correspondence and any violation report.
Strategy: we recommend the most suitable route, whether negotiation, a complaint to the Authority, a grievance or court action.
Action: we draft notices, complaints and pleadings, and represent you before the authorities and courts. Proceedings in Oman are conducted in Arabic, and we handle this for you.
Follow-up: we keep you informed and follow up the enforcement of any decision or judgment.

Documents to prepare

The purchase invoice or payment receipt, and the warranty card.
Photos or videos of the defect, and any inspection or repair reports.
A copy or screenshot of the advertisement or offer.
Correspondence with the seller or dealer, and any complaint reference number.
For businesses: the violation report or fine decision, your commercial registration and your sales and warranty policies.

Frequently asked questions

What is the Oman Consumer Protection Law?

Consumer rights in Oman are governed by the Consumer Protection Law issued by Royal Decree 66/2014, and by its Executive Regulation issued by Decision 77/2017, as amended. Together they set out consumer rights, supplier obligations, warranty and return rules, and the penalties for violations.

Can I get a refund or replacement for a defective product?

Generally yes. The law and its Executive Regulation give consumers the right to request repair, replacement or a refund for defective goods, within the periods and conditions set by the Regulation, which depend on the type of product and the warranty. Act promptly and keep proof of purchase.

How do I file a complaint with the Consumer Protection Authority?

Complaints are submitted through the Authority's official channels with the invoice and evidence of the defect or violation. We can prepare the complaint, follow it up and advise whether a court claim for compensation is also needed.

What are the penalties for commercial fraud in Oman?

Trading in counterfeit or adulterated goods and misleading advertising can lead to criminal penalties, including imprisonment and fines, in addition to administrative fines for other violations. Businesses should seek legal advice as soon as they receive a violation report.

Can a business challenge a fine from the Authority?

Yes. A business can file a grievance or challenge within the procedures and time limits set by law. We review the report for procedural errors and whether the violation is actually proven.

Whether you are a consumer seeking redress or a business facing a violation, contact our Al Khuwair office in Muscat on WhatsApp or call +968 9200 0841 to discuss your case.

Criminal & Civil Litigation Lawyer

A police call, a Public Prosecution summons or a bounced cheque that becomes a criminal complaint is stressful anywhere, and more so in a country whose legal system and language are not your own. As a criminal lawyer in Oman, Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office, Advocates and Legal Consultants defends and represents clients from our office in Al Khuwair, Muscat, and acts throughout the Sultanate, drawing on over 20 years of experience. We also act in civil litigation: compensation claims, contractual disputes and liability cases.

When you may need a criminal defence lawyer in Muscat

You have been asked to attend the police or the Public Prosecution to give a statement or to be questioned.
An employee, colleague or family member has been arrested or is held in custody, and you want to apply for their release.
A cheque you issued has been returned unpaid and a complaint has been filed, or you hold a cheque that has bounced.
You are accused of, or a victim of, fraud, breach of trust, cybercrime (online fraud, blackmail, social media posts), assault or defamation.
A commercial dispute with a partner or supplier has turned into a criminal complaint.
A civil dispute over unpaid sums, a breached contract or damage caused by another party.

How we help

Representation during investigation: attending Public Prosecution questioning with you, until the case is referred to court.
Release applications: applying for release from pre-trial detention on a personal or financial guarantee, where the law allows.
Defence at trial: attending hearings, filing memoranda, oral pleading, and calling and examining witnesses.
Acting for victims: following up complaints and claiming compensation within the criminal case.
Appeals: challenging judgments before the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court where the law permits.
Civil litigation: compensation, contractual and liability claims before the Primary Court, the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court.
Enforcement: following up the enforcement of judgments, whether in your favour or against you.

If you have lost money to an online scam, see our fraud and money recovery service.

How we work with you

First contact: message us on WhatsApp or call to arrange a consultation, at our office or remotely. What you tell us stays confidential.
Review: we hear your account, read the documents and explain where you stand.
Power of attorney and plan: we set out your options and risks plainly, without promising outcomes.
Investigation or filing: we attend with you before the Public Prosecution, or prepare and file your civil claim.
Trial: we conduct the hearings and keep you informed, in English where you need it.
After judgment: we appeal the judgment or pursue its enforcement.

Documents to prepare

Your passport and residence card.
Any summons, complaint number or decision from the police or Public Prosecution.
For cheque cases: the cheque and the bank's notice of non-payment.
For fraud, cybercrime or defamation: messages, screenshots, account links and transfer receipts.
For civil claims: contracts, correspondence, invoices and evidence of your loss.
A copy of any judgment you want to appeal or enforce.

Frequently asked questions

Can I have a lawyer with me when the Public Prosecution questions me?

Yes. Oman's Criminal Procedure Law allows a person accused of a felony to be accompanied by a lawyer during the investigation, and gives the lawyer access to the case file before questioning, as the law regulates. Call a lawyer before giving any statement, and never sign one you have not fully understood.

I am an expatriate. Can a case affect my travel or residence?

It can. A pending criminal or civil case may, in some circumstances, lead to restrictions on leaving Oman, and the outcome of a criminal case can have consequences for your residence. Proceedings are in Arabic. Take advice early, before making plans.

What happens if a cheque I issued bounces?

Issuing a cheque that is not honoured can give rise to criminal liability as well as a civil claim for the amount. Settlement with the holder can affect how the case proceeds, so take advice before approaching them.

What is the difference between a criminal case and a civil claim?

A criminal case concerns conduct punishable under the Omani Penal Code or another law; the Public Prosecution pursues it and it can lead to a penalty. A civil claim is a dispute over money, compensation or a contract. The two meet when a victim claims compensation within the criminal case.

Can I appeal a judgment against me?

Where the law permits, yes, before the Court of Appeal and then the Supreme Court. Appeal periods are fixed by law and strictly applied, so show us the judgment immediately.

Speak to a criminal defence lawyer in Muscat

We handle every case discreetly, on the principle that an accused person is presumed innocent until proven guilty. Message us on WhatsApp or call +968 9200 0841, or visit our office in Al Khuwair, Muscat. See also our judicial and legal representation service.

Online Fraud & Fund Recovery Lawyer

Being scammed online is distressing, and it is worse when you are far from home and unsure how the Omani system works. If you need an online fraud lawyer in Oman, Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office, Advocates and Legal Consultants, based in Al Khuwair, Muscat, acts for individuals and companies across the Sultanate in fraud, electronic fraud and online extortion cases, drawing on over 20 years of experience. We help you report correctly, preserve evidence and pursue the legal routes available to recover money from a scam in Oman, with a realistic assessment rather than promises.

When do you need a fraud lawyer in Muscat?

You transferred money after a call or message from someone posing as a bank, a government authority or a well-known company.
You entered card details or a one-time password on a fake link and unauthorised payments followed.
You paid an online shop or social media seller and nothing arrived.
You invested in a trading or crypto platform that promised high returns and then blocked withdrawals or disappeared.
Your company paid a supplier invoice after a spoofed or hacked email changed the bank details.
Someone is threatening to publish private photos, chats or information unless you pay.
You were deceived offline, for example through a sham contract or a fake business, job or partnership offer.

How the firm helps

Handling every legal step before all competent authorities to recover funds lost to fraud, extortion and electronic fraud, and any other fraud offence under the Omani Penal Code and related laws.
An initial assessment of your facts and evidence, and advice on whether a criminal complaint, a civil claim or both is the right route.
Preparing reports, applications and legal memoranda for the Royal Oman Police and the Public Prosecution, and following them up during the investigation.
Organising digital evidence such as chats, emails, transfer receipts and links, in line with the Criminal Procedures Law, the Law of Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions and the Electronic Transactions Law.
Liaising with banks and the authorities about the receiving accounts, within the limits the law allows.
Claiming repayment and compensation through a civil claim and representing you before the Primary Court, the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court.
Confidential handling of extortion cases, including guidance on protecting your data and reputation.
Enforcing judgments until the client obtains their legal and financial rights.

How we work with you

First contact: message us on WhatsApp or call, with a short summary and the dates and amounts of each transfer.
Case review: we assess the evidence, explain your options and tell you honestly what to expect.
Report and complaint: we organise the evidence and prepare the report, or take over one you have already filed. Proceedings in Oman are conducted in Arabic, so we prepare the filings and explain each step to you.
Investigation and trial: we follow the case with the Public Prosecution and the courts and submit the necessary applications.
Recovery and enforcement: we pursue repayment and compensation and follow enforcement of the judgment.

Documents to prepare

Passport and resident card, or company commercial registration if the victim is a business.
Transfer receipts and bank statements showing the transactions.
Screenshots of chats, adverts, websites and profiles, plus the phone numbers and account details used by the scammer.
Emails, contracts or invoices, and any police or bank reference number you already have.

Frequently asked questions

Can I recover money from a scam in Oman?

Sometimes, but it is never guaranteed. The chances depend on how quickly the fraud is reported, whether the funds are still in the receiving accounts, whether the fraudster can be identified and how strong the evidence is.

What should I do first?

Call your bank immediately to report the transaction and block your card, change your passwords, keep every piece of evidence and report the fraud to the Royal Oman Police. Do not pay the scammer or blackmailer anything more, and be wary of anyone offering to recover your money for an upfront fee; that is often a second scam.

I am leaving Oman. Can the case continue?

In many cases a lawyer can continue to act for you under a power of attorney, although some steps may require your presence or statement. We will explain what applies to your case.

What if the fraudster is outside Oman?

Cross-border cases are harder and slower, as they may depend on cooperation between authorities through official channels. Quick reporting still matters, especially where funds passed through Omani accounts or local phone numbers were used, which brings in rules such as the Communications Regulation Act. Our article How to recover your money explains the wider recovery options.

Speak to a fraud lawyer in Muscat

Every day of delay can make funds harder to trace. Contact Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office on WhatsApp or call +968 9200 0841, or visit our office in Al Khuwair, Muscat, for a confidential review of your case.

Foreign Investor & Corporate Services

Planning to set up or expand a business in the Sultanate? Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office, Advocates and Legal Consultants, is a law firm in Oman based in Al Khuwair, Muscat, acting for foreign and local investors and companies across the country. As a corporate lawyer in Muscat with over 20 years of experience, we help you enter the market on a sound legal footing and protect your investment once you are trading.

When do foreign investors need a business lawyer in Oman?

You are assessing the Omani market and want to know whether your activity is open to foreign investors and which licences it needs.
You need to choose a company form and understand the liability, management and governance consequences of each.
You are entering a joint venture or partnership with an Omani party and need the relationship properly documented.
You want to appoint a commercial agent or distributor in Oman, or you are being appointed as one.
You are changing shareholders, transferring shares, altering capital or restructuring your Omani company.
A dispute has arisen with a partner, customer, supplier or agent and you need representation before the Omani courts or in arbitration.

How we help investors and companies

We provide legal services to investors and companies in all fields, helping them preserve their rights and register and establish companies in accordance with the Commercial Companies Law and the laws regulating investment, together with ongoing legal consultancy services. In practice this covers:

Foreign investment in Oman legal advice: explaining how Oman's Foreign Capital Investment Law applies to your activity, including any restrictions, approvals, guarantees and incentives relevant to you.
Choosing a company form: comparing the structures available under the Commercial Companies Law of Oman against your ownership, liability and funding plans.
Company formation and registration: drafting constitutive documents and following up registration in the Commercial Register with the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Investment Promotion. See our dedicated page on company formation services in Oman.
Commercial agencies and distribution: drafting, reviewing and registering agency agreements in light of the Commercial Agencies Law, and advising on renewal or termination.
Commercial contracts: shareholder and joint venture agreements, supply, services, construction and commercial lease contracts, and non-disclosure agreements.
Corporate governance: shareholder and board resolutions, powers of attorney and signing authorities, and compliance reviews.
Changes to your company: admission and exit of partners, share transfers, capital changes, mergers and liquidation.
Disputes: negotiation and settlement, representation before the Primary Court, the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court, and commercial arbitration.

How we work with you

Get in touch: send us a WhatsApp message or call, whether you are abroad or already in Muscat, and outline your plans or the issue.
Consultation: we review your activity, partners, objectives and any existing documents.
Legal opinion and roadmap: we set out your options, the risks of each, the authorities involved and the documents required.
Execution: we draft the documents and follow the procedures with the relevant authorities, or act for you in negotiations or proceedings.
Ongoing support: we remain available as your business grows and as the law changes.

Documents to prepare

Passport copies of the investors and proposed managers.
For a corporate investor: certificate of incorporation, constitutional documents and a board resolution, legalised and attested as required.
A short description of the proposed activity, location and expected scale.
Any existing agreements, term sheets or correspondence with partners, agents or clients.

Investment contracts and investor disputes

The Foreign Capital Investment Law issued by Royal Decree 50/2019 gives investors guarantees and incentives set out in the law, but in practice your investment is protected mainly by the investment contracts you sign: with your partners, with government bodies granting land, usufruct rights or concessions, and with contractors and lenders on investment projects. Disputes arising from investment contracts now fall to the specialised Court of Investment and Commerce established in 2025.

Drafting and reviewing investment, usufruct and concession agreements, including milestones, deadlines, termination and compensation.
Representing investors in disputes with partners or contracting authorities through negotiation, arbitration or before the Court of Investment and Commerce.
Challenging administrative decisions on licences or land allocation or withdrawal where the law allows.
Disputes related to the project's economic activity, such as licences, agencies, distribution and commercial contracts.
Supporting investors in public-private partnership projects and joint ventures.

Frequently asked questions

Where are investment contract disputes heard in Oman?

The Court of Investment and Commerce, established by Royal Decree 35/2025, generally hears disputes arising from investment contracts unless the parties agreed to arbitration. The dispute resolution clause you agree at the outset largely decides the route any later dispute will take.

Can a foreign investor own a company in Oman?

The Foreign Capital Investment Law allows foreign investors to establish projects in Oman across a wide range of activities, while certain activities remain restricted or require specific approvals. We check whether your activity qualifies, and on what terms, before you commit any funds.

Which company form should I choose?

The Commercial Companies Law provides for several forms, including general and limited partnerships, the limited liability company, the one-person company and joint stock companies. The right choice depends on the number of owners, the liability you are prepared to accept, your capital and your activity.

What does the Commercial Companies Law in Oman regulate?

It governs how companies are formed, managed, changed and dissolved, including the rights and duties of partners and shareholders, the responsibilities of managers and directors, and corporate governance.

Can you act for us if we are not yet in Oman?

Much of the preparatory work, such as consultations, document review and drafting, can be handled remotely. Some steps may require original signatures, attested documents or a power of attorney, and we will tell you exactly which at the outset.

How are disputes between partners resolved?

We start with the constitutive documents and any shareholder agreement, then seek a negotiated settlement or mediation. If that fails, the dispute goes to the courts, or to arbitration where the parties have agreed to it.

Whether you are exploring foreign investment in Oman or need a business lawyer for an existing company, contact us on WhatsApp or call +968 9200 0841. You are also welcome at our office in Al Khuwair, Muscat: Bait Al Hamd, 3rd Floor, near Takaful Oman Insurance and Bank Muscat, opposite the Ministries.

Commercial Arbitration Lawyer

If you invest or do business in Oman, commercial arbitration is often the forum your contracts already point to. Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office, Advocates and Legal Consultants, acts as an arbitration lawyer in Oman for companies, foreign investors and expatriate business owners, from Muscat and across the Sultanate, with over 20 years of experience.

When do you need a commercial arbitration lawyer?

Your contract with an Omani partner, supplier or contractor contains an arbitration clause and a dispute has arisen.
You have received a notice of arbitration or a request to appoint an arbitrator and need to respond in time.
A shareholder or joint-venture dispute has arisen and the company documents refer disputes to arbitration.
You are in a construction, supply, distribution or agency dispute with a counterparty in Oman.
You hold an arbitral award, made in Oman or abroad, that you need to enforce against assets in Oman, or an award has been made against you.

Arbitration or the Omani courts?

Litigation in Oman is conducted in Arabic before the state courts under the Civil and Commercial Procedure Code, with rights of appeal. Corporate and business arbitration lets the parties choose their arbitrators, the language, the seat and the procedure; hearings are generally private, and the award is final and binding, open to challenge only through an annulment action on limited grounds. Arbitration is not always cheaper or faster, though, and we will tell you plainly which route suits your dispute.

How the firm helps

Handling arbitration cases and disputes: representing claimants and respondents before arbitral tribunals and preparing claims, defences and evidence.
Legal advice that protects your rights: assessing your position, the arbitration agreement and the governing law before you commit to proceedings.
Deciding disputes as arbitrators: the office has legally accredited arbitrators who may be appointed by agreement of the parties, and extensive experience in party-agreed arbitration.
Drafting arbitration clauses and submission agreements for commercial, investment and company contracts, covering the seat, language, number of arbitrators and applicable law.
Enforcing arbitral awards in Oman, whether domestic or foreign.
Annulment actions: bringing or defending actions to set aside an award on the grounds the law allows.
Negotiated outcomes: where a settlement serves you better, mediation, settlement and reconciliation before or during the arbitration.

How we work with you

Initial contact by WhatsApp, phone or email, with a short outline of the dispute.
Review of the contract, arbitration clause and correspondence to confirm the seat, the rules and the tribunal's jurisdiction.
A clear assessment of your options: settlement, arbitration or, if there is no valid arbitration agreement, litigation.
Commencing or answering the arbitration, including the appointment of arbitrators.
Submissions, evidence and advocacy at hearings.
After the award: enforcement proceedings or an annulment action, as the case requires.

Documents to prepare

The contract, its annexes and any separate arbitration agreement.
Correspondence, emails and notices exchanged with the other party.
Invoices, purchase orders, delivery records and statements of account.
Your commercial registration and a power of attorney for the person representing the company.
Any existing arbitral award or earlier decision in the dispute.

Frequently asked questions

What is commercial arbitration?

Commercial arbitration is a private way of resolving business disputes: the parties agree to refer their dispute to one or more arbitrators instead of the courts, and to accept the award as binding. Oman has a dedicated law on arbitration in civil and commercial disputes. For a deeper overview, read our article on commercial arbitration.

What is the difference between an arbitration clause and a submission agreement?

An arbitration clause is written into a contract before any dispute exists and covers future disagreements. A submission agreement is made after a dispute has arisen and refers that specific dispute to arbitration. Either way, the agreement must be in writing and made by someone with authority to bind the party concerned.

Can a foreign arbitral award be enforced in Oman?

Oman is a party to the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, so a foreign award can be enforced through an application to the competent Omani court, subject to the limited grounds for refusal, such as conflict with public order.

Can I appeal an arbitral award?

Not in the ordinary sense. An award made under Omani arbitration law cannot be appealed, but a party may bring an action to annul it on limited grounds, such as the absence of a valid arbitration agreement or a breach of the right to present its case. Strict time limits apply, so take advice as soon as the award is served.

Can the arbitration be conducted in English?

Generally yes. Arabic applies by default, but the parties may agree on another language, such as English, in the arbitration clause or later.

To discuss a dispute or an arbitration clause, message us on WhatsApp or call +968 9200 0841. You are also welcome at our office in Al Khuwair, Muscat: Bait Al Hamd, 3rd Floor, near Takaful Oman Insurance and Bank Muscat, opposite the Ministries.

Company Formation

Forming a company is the first legal decision in the life of your business. What is written in the articles of association today decides how the company is run, how profits are shared and how any dispute between partners is resolved tomorrow. Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office, Advocates and Legal Consultants provides company formation services in Muscat for Omani entrepreneurs and foreign investors, from choosing the legal form to obtaining the commercial registration and beyond, drawing on over 20 years of experience in corporate and commercial disputes, which tells us where disputes start and how to prevent them.

The legal framework

Company formation is governed by the Commercial Companies Law issued by Royal Decree 18/2019, which provides the single-person company, the limited liability company, partnerships and joint stock companies. Most steps are now online through the Oman Business Platform of the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Investment Promotion, and the commercial registration can be issued within a few working days with complete documents.

For foreign investors, the Foreign Capital Investment Law issued by Royal Decree 50/2019 allows 100% foreign ownership in most activities and removed the former minimum capital requirement, while a list of activities remains reserved for Omanis or subject to special approval.

When do you need a company formation lawyer?

You are starting a business and need the right legal form for its size, partners and risks.
You are forming a company with partners and need articles and a shareholders' agreement that protect you.
You are a foreign investor and need to know whether full ownership is possible in your activity.
You want to open a branch of a foreign company or set up in a free zone.
You need to amend an existing company: admit or remove a partner, transfer shares, change capital or convert the legal form.
You want to convert a sole proprietorship into a company to protect your personal assets.

Our company formation services

Choosing the legal form: comparing liability, management, tax and disclosure. The Commercial Companies Law sets out each form.
Activities and licences: selecting activities, checking sector approvals and foreign ownership rules.
Articles of association: drafted to cover management, powers, profits and share transfers rather than a bare template.
Shareholders' agreement: exit mechanisms and valuation, pre-emption rights, deadlock and non-compete.
Registration: trade name reservation and filings on the Oman Business Platform through to the commercial registration.
Brand protection: checking whether your name and logo can be registered as a trademark.
After formation: guidance on municipal licensing, tax and labour registration, and your first employment and commercial contracts through our contract drafting service.
Changes to existing companies: partner changes, share transfers, capital changes, conversions and mergers.

How we work with you

First meeting: we learn about your project, partners and plans, in person or online.
Recommendation: we propose the legal form, activities and structure and explain requirements and timing.
Drafting: we prepare the articles and shareholders' agreement and review them with you.
Registration: we follow the name reservation and commercial registration to completion.
Launch: we support you with post-formation obligations and first contracts.

Frequently asked questions

Can a foreigner own 100% of a company in Oman?

Yes, in most activities under the Foreign Capital Investment Law 50/2019, except for activities reserved for Omanis or requiring special approval. See our guide to company setup in Oman for foreign investors.

How long does it take to set up a company in Oman?

The commercial registration can take a few working days with complete documents; the time to start operating depends on municipal licensing and sector approvals. See our step-by-step guide to setting up a company in Oman.

Is a template articles of association enough?

It may be enough for registration, but it rarely deals with a partner's exit, valuation and deadlock, common causes of corporate disputes. A written shareholders' agreement is recommended.

Is there a minimum capital requirement?

The former minimum capital for foreign investors was abolished, but some legal forms and regulated activities may require specific capital, which we confirm for your case.

If you are preparing to form a company or amend an existing one, contact Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office on WhatsApp, call +968 92000841, or visit us at Bait Al Hamad, third floor, Al Khuwair, Muscat, near Takaful Oman Insurance and Bank Muscat, opposite the Ministries area. Foreign investors should also see our investor and corporate services.

Family & Personal Status Lawyer

If you are facing a divorce, a custody disagreement or an inheritance question in Oman, the right family lawyer can help you move forward calmly. Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office, Advocates and Legal Consultants acts as a family lawyer in Oman, based in Muscat and advising Omani and expatriate individuals and families across the Sultanate, with over 20 years of experience and in strict confidence.

Personal status law in Oman

Family matters in Oman are governed by the Personal Status Law, which is based on Islamic Sharia and covers marriage, divorce, khula, maintenance, custody, wills and inheritance. Disputes are heard by the personal status circuits of the courts, and an attempt at reconciliation is usually made before a case is decided. Proceedings are conducted in Arabic. For expatriates the position can differ: depending on your religion, your nationality and where the marriage took place, other rules may apply to some questions, so confirm which law governs your situation before you act.

When do you need a family lawyer in Oman?

You are considering divorce, or your spouse has started proceedings.
A wife wishes to end the marriage through khula or a divorce granted by the court.
You need to claim, or are being asked to pay, maintenance for a spouse or children, or an existing award should be reviewed.
You and the other parent disagree on custody or visitation, including where one of you plans to leave Oman.
A family member has died leaving assets in Oman, and the heirs must be identified and the estate divided.
A child needs a guardian, or someone must be authorised to manage a minor's property.
A marriage or divorce was never formally registered and now has to be proved.
A maintenance, custody or visitation judgment is not being complied with.

How we help

Initial legal advice on marriage, divorce and the rights that follow.
Acting as your divorce lawyer in Muscat: preparing and pursuing divorce, judicial divorce and khula cases before the personal status courts.
Acting as your custody lawyer in Oman: custody and visitation cases focused on the children's welfare, and maintenance claims for a spouse or children, including requests to increase or reduce an award.
Inheritance and estates: identifying the heirs, dividing the estate and resolving disputes between heirs, amicably or in court.
Guardianship applications for minors and the management of their property.
Proving a marriage or a divorce, and assisting with the formalities of registering a marriage.
Amicable solutions through our mediation, settlement and reconciliation service, including drafting settlement agreements on maintenance, custody and visitation.
Following up on the enforcement of judgments for maintenance, custody and visitation.
Appeals to the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court where the law allows.

How we work with you

First contact: message us on WhatsApp or call, and we arrange a meeting at the office or remotely.
Understanding your situation: we listen, review your documents and explain your options in plain English.
Settlement first where possible: where it is realistic and appropriate, we seek an agreement that protects both parties and the children.
Court representation: if no agreement is possible, we prepare the case and represent you at every hearing.
Through to enforcement: we keep you informed and follow the judgment or agreement through to implementation.

Documents to prepare

Passport and Omani resident card or ID card.
Marriage certificate and, if applicable, divorce certificate. Documents issued outside Oman usually need attestation and an Arabic translation.
Children's birth certificates.
Evidence of income and expenses in maintenance cases.
Death certificate, heirs' documents and title documents for assets in inheritance cases.
Any earlier judgments, agreements and relevant correspondence.

Frequently asked questions

Does Omani personal status law apply to expatriates?

It depends. Many family matters involving residents are handled under Omani personal status law, but the rules for non-Muslims and foreign nationals can differ on certain questions. We confirm which rules govern your case first.

How does divorce work in Oman?

It depends on the type of divorce. A divorce by the husband must be formally registered, while a wife may ask the court for a divorce on grounds set by law or seek khula. Contested cases are filed with the competent personal status circuit, and reconciliation is usually attempted first.

How is child custody decided in Oman?

The law sets out who is entitled to custody and on what conditions, and the court's guiding principle is the child's best interests. The other parent is normally entitled to visitation, which parents can often agree between themselves.

How is maintenance assessed?

The court decides each case on its facts, weighing the payer's means against the needs of the spouse or children. An award can be reviewed later if circumstances change.

Will my case be kept confidential?

Yes. We handle family matters with complete discretion and share information only as far as the proceedings require.

To talk through your situation in confidence, message us on WhatsApp or call +968 9200 0841. Or visit our office in Al Khuwair, Muscat: Bait Al Hamd, 3rd Floor, near Takaful Oman Insurance and Bank Muscat, opposite the Ministries.

Commercial Litigation Lawyer

When a customer stops paying, a supplier breaches a contract or a deal with another trader goes wrong, every week of delay can cost your business money. Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office, Advocates and Legal Consultants acts as a commercial litigation lawyer in Oman, representing companies, traders and investors in commercial and investment disputes across the Sultanate from our office in Muscat, with over 20 years of experience.

Commercial disputes and the Court of Investment and Commerce

Oman now has a specialised court for business disputes: the Court of Investment and Commerce, established by Royal Decree 35/2025, which began operating in October 2025. In general it hears cases in which one party is a trader and the dispute relates to their commercial activity, disputes arising from investment contracts, and a number of other specialised matters set out in its law. The court uses electronic case filing and a case preparation office, and the composition of the bench depends on the value of the claim.

Commercial disputes are governed mainly by the Commercial Law, the Commercial Companies Law, the Law of Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions and the Civil and Commercial Procedure Law. Because the specialised court expects a well-prepared file from the start, how the case is built at the outset has a real effect on how quickly it is decided and on the result.

When do you need a commercial litigation lawyer?

A customer or company refuses to pay for goods, services or invoices.
The other party breaches a supply, distribution, agency or services contract.
Traders disagree over a transaction, the delivery or quality of goods, or payment terms.
A dispute arises over a commercial business (sale, pledge or lease of a business).
A commercial cheque has bounced, or a promissory note or bill of exchange is unpaid.
Investors fall out over an investment contract or a business partnership.
A commercial claim has been filed against you or your company and needs a defence.

How we help in commercial disputes

Reviewing the contract, correspondence and evidence, and giving you a clear view of your position before you sue.
Sending formal notices and demands, and negotiating settlements that protect your rights.
Preparing the statement of claim and pleadings and representing you before the Court of Investment and Commerce at every stage.
Applying for payment orders for debts proven in writing, and for urgent relief or precautionary attachment of the debtor's assets where the legal conditions are met.
Debt collection and claims for payment and compensation.
Representing companies in corporate disputes and in commercial arbitration where the contract contains an arbitration clause.
Appeals and Supreme Court challenges where the law allows.
Enforcing judgments until the amount awarded is actually recovered.

How we work with you

First contact: send us a summary on WhatsApp or call us, and we arrange a meeting at our office or online.
File review: we go through the contracts, invoices and correspondence, quantify the claim and flag any deadlines.
Settlement attempt: where it serves you, we start with a formal notice or negotiation that may end the dispute without court.
Litigation: if settlement fails, we prepare the full case file and represent you until judgment.
Enforcement: we follow the judgment through to attachment and recovery.

Frequently asked questions

How do I file a commercial case in Oman?

A commercial case usually starts with a review of the contract and documents and a formal demand to the other party. If they do not respond, a statement of claim is prepared and filed electronically with the Court of Investment and Commerce, where the dispute falls within its jurisdiction, and the court fees are paid. Your lawyer prepares the claim and evidence and attends the case preparation stage and the hearings.

Which cases does the Court of Investment and Commerce hear?

In general, cases where one party is a trader and the dispute concerns their commercial activity, disputes under investment contracts, and other specialised matters set out in the court's law. Identifying the right court depends on the nature of the dispute, the parties and the filing date, which we check before filing.

Can the debtor's assets be frozen before judgment?

In certain cases the law allows a creditor to apply for precautionary attachment of the debtor's assets until the case is decided, for example where there is a real risk that assets will be moved. We assess whether the conditions are met in your case before applying.

Should my dispute go to court or to arbitration?

If your contract contains an arbitration clause, the dispute may have to go to arbitration rather than court. That is why we always start by reading the contract to choose the right forum.

If you have unpaid commercial invoices or a dispute with a partner, supplier or customer, contact Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office on WhatsApp, call +968 92000841, or visit us at Bait Al Hamad, third floor, Al Khuwair, Muscat, near Takaful Oman Insurance and Bank Muscat, opposite the Ministries area.

Construction Disputes Lawyer

A construction project is a major investment, and a dispute between the owner and the contractor, or between a main contractor and its subcontractors, can stop the works and multiply the costs. Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office, Advocates and Legal Consultants acts as a construction lawyer in Oman, advising contractors, project owners and consultants from contract drafting through to litigation and arbitration, with over 20 years of experience. We do not carry out construction work; we provide the legal protection that the parties to a project need.

Construction contracts under Omani law

Construction contracts (muqawala) are governed by the Civil Transactions Law issued by Royal Decree 29/2013, which sets out the obligations of the contractor and the employer, the execution and handover of the works and payment. One of its most important rules is decennial liability: the engineer and the contractor are jointly liable for ten years for the total or partial collapse of buildings and fixed structures they built, and for defects that threaten their stability or safety. Any clause that excludes or limits this liability is void.

The contract itself also matters. Many projects in Oman use international forms such as FIDIC or government standard contracts, each with notice and claim procedures and time limits that must be followed, or the right to claim can be lost.

When do you need a construction lawyer?

Before signing a construction contract or subcontract, to review its terms and risk allocation.
When the project is delayed and the causes are disputed, or delay penalties are imposed that you believe are not due.
When the employer withholds or delays interim payment certificates.
When variations and additional works, their value or their time impact are disputed.
When the contractor abandons the works, does not complete the building, or performs defective work.
When you want to terminate the contract for breach and claim compensation.
When a performance or advance payment bank guarantee is called, or a call is threatened.
When cracks or structural defects appear after handover and a claim under decennial liability is needed.

Our legal services for the construction sector

Drafting and reviewing construction contracts, subcontracts and consultancy agreements.
Preparing and answering extension of time and additional cost claims within the contractual procedures.
Bringing claims for unpaid certificates, suing contractors who fail to perform, and defending claims brought against you.
Following court-appointed engineering experts and commenting on their reports.
Representing you in commercial arbitration where the contract provides for it, which is common on large projects.
Urgent applications to record the state of the works, or relating to bank guarantee calls, where the conditions are met.
Settlement through mediation so the project can be completed instead of stopped.
Enforcing judgments and arbitral awards in construction disputes.

How we work with you

First contact: send us an outline of the project and the dispute on WhatsApp.
Contract review: we identify the applicable clauses, notice and claim deadlines, and whether the dispute goes to court or arbitration.
Building the file: we gather certificates, programmes, minutes and photographs, and bring in engineering expertise where needed.
Settlement or proceedings: we negotiate first, and if that fails we file the claim and represent you to judgment and enforcement.

Read also: How to Sue a Contractor in Oman

Frequently asked questions

How do I sue a contractor who did not finish the building?

We review the contract, send the contractor a formal notice of breach and, if there is no response, file a claim before the competent court or start arbitration if the contract requires it, seeking performance or termination and compensation. An engineering expert is often appointed to assess the work done and the work remaining.

When are delay penalties due?

Delay penalties apply as set out in the contract when the contractor is late for reasons attributable to it. Where the delay was caused by the employer, for example late payments, late site handover or variations, or by events outside the contractor's control, the contractor may be entitled to an extension of time. Contemporaneous notices and project records are decisive.

What is decennial liability in Oman?

It is the joint liability of the engineer and the contractor for ten years for collapse and for defects threatening the stability or safety of buildings and fixed structures under the Civil Transactions Law. It cannot be excluded by contract, and a claim must be brought within a limited period after the collapse or the discovery of the defect.

Can a contractor claim for additional works?

Yes, if the additional works were instructed or approved under the contract procedure, typically by a written variation order. Contractors should document every change in writing before carrying it out; missing documentation is a common reason these claims fail.

If your project has stalled, your payments are late or you face a construction contract dispute, contact Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office on WhatsApp, call +968 92000841, or visit us at Bait Al Hamad, third floor, Al Khuwair, Muscat, near Takaful Oman Insurance and Bank Muscat, opposite the Ministries area.

Bankruptcy and Restructuring Lawyer

Businesses sometimes face financial crises that leave them unable to pay their debts on time, while creditors move to protect their claims. At this stage the right legal decision can make the difference between rescuing a business and liquidating it. Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office, Advocates and Legal Consultants acts as a bankruptcy and restructuring lawyer in Oman, advising and representing both debtors and creditors in preventive composition, restructuring and bankruptcy proceedings, with over 20 years of experience.

The Oman Bankruptcy Law

The Bankruptcy Law was issued by Royal Decree 53/2019 and came into force in July 2020. It gives a struggling trader a real chance to recover instead of moving straight to liquidation, through three main routes:

Preventive composition: an arrangement between the debtor and its creditors under court supervision, allowing the debtor to settle its debts on terms the creditors accept and avoid being declared bankrupt.
Restructuring: a court-supervised plan to reorganise the business, its debts and obligations so it can keep trading and repay creditors from its income.
Bankruptcy: used when a trader has stopped paying its commercial debts and the business cannot be saved; it usually ends with the sale of assets and distribution of the proceeds to creditors by rank.

Each route has its own conditions, deadlines and effects on the debtor, creditors and guarantors, and insolvency disputes now fall to the specialised Court of Investment and Commerce established in 2025. Choosing the right route, and the right moment, needs careful legal and financial analysis.

When do you need a bankruptcy lawyer?

If you are a debtor or run a struggling company:

Your company faces financial difficulty and you want to understand your options before the crisis deepens.
You want to negotiate rescheduling or a reduction of debts through preventive composition.
You need a restructuring plan to present to creditors and the court.
A creditor has filed a bankruptcy petition against you or your company.

If you are a creditor:

A trader who owes you has stopped paying and you want to protect your claim.
Bankruptcy, composition or restructuring proceedings have opened for a debtor and you must lodge your claim on time.
You want to object to a plan that does not protect your rights, or to transactions that harm creditors.

How we help

Assessing the company's legal and financial position and recommending the right route: settlement, preventive composition, restructuring or bankruptcy.
Preparing composition or restructuring applications and representing you before the court.
Negotiating with creditors and banks and drafting settlement and rescheduling agreements.
Filing or defending bankruptcy petitions and following the proceedings to the end.
Lodging and proving creditors' claims, and objecting to plans and transactions that prejudice them.
Advising directors, partners and guarantors on their exposure, and defending them where needed.
Working alongside our debt collection, corporate and legal advice services when the file requires it.

How we work with you

Confidential first meeting: we listen and review the company's key figures in strict confidence.
Diagnosis: we review debts, security, contracts and obligations and set out the options and deadlines.
Plan: with your financial adviser we build the legal plan and prepare the applications.
Negotiation and representation: we negotiate with creditors and represent you at every stage before the court.

Frequently asked questions

What is preventive composition under Omani law?

It is a procedure under the Bankruptcy Law that lets a trader in financial difficulty agree with its creditors, under court supervision, to settle its debts on set terms such as instalments or reductions, avoiding a bankruptcy declaration and continuing to trade. Approval is subject to conditions and majorities set by the law.

What is the difference between composition, restructuring and bankruptcy?

Composition is mainly an agreement with creditors to settle debts; restructuring is a broader plan to reorganise the business so it survives; bankruptcy applies when the trader has stopped paying and cannot be rescued, and usually ends in liquidation.

Who can file for a company's bankruptcy?

The debtor itself can file, and creditors can file where the legal conditions are met; other bodies may apply in the cases set out in the law. Each route has its own procedure and documents.

When should I speak to a bankruptcy lawyer?

As early as possible, when the first signs of distress appear and before payments actually stop. The earlier you act, the more options remain open.

If your company is in financial difficulty, or you are owed money by a struggling trader, contact Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office on WhatsApp, call +968 92000841, or visit us at Bait Al Hamad, third floor, Al Khuwair, Muscat, near Takaful Oman Insurance and Bank Muscat, opposite the Ministries area. Your file is handled in strict confidence.

Banking and Finance Lawyer

A loan in arrears, an unauthorised card transaction, a bank guarantee called without justification, or a claim filed by a bank or finance company: each of these needs someone who reads banking contracts carefully and knows how to deal with financial institutions. Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office, Advocates and Legal Consultants acts as a banking and finance lawyer in Oman, representing individuals and companies in banking, finance and securities disputes, with over 20 years of experience.

The legal framework for banking and finance in Oman

Banking in Oman is governed by the Banking Law issued by Royal Decree 2/2025, which replaced the previous banking law, and banks are supervised by the Central Bank of Oman, including on customer protection. The securities market and the firms operating in it, such as brokers and asset managers, are governed by the Securities Law issued by Royal Decree 46/2022 and supervised by the Financial Services Authority.

Alongside these laws, the relationship between a customer and a bank is governed by the terms of the loan, account or card agreement, and by the Commercial Law rules on cheques and bills. Reading what you signed is the first step in any banking dispute.

When do you need a banking lawyer?

You disagree with the bank's calculation of interest, profit, fees or penalties.
You are struggling to repay and want to reschedule, restructure or settle a loan.
A bank or finance company has filed a claim against you or your guarantor, or you want to sue a finance company that breached its obligations.
There are unauthorised transactions on your account or credit card.
A company has a dispute over a bank guarantee or a letter of credit.
A bank is enforcing a mortgage or other security.
A cheque has bounced, whether you are the payee or the drawer.
You have a dispute with a broker or asset manager over securities trading.

How we help in banking disputes

Reviewing loan, finance, card and security documents and explaining your rights and obligations.
Preparing formal complaints to the bank and following them up with the competent regulator.
Negotiating rescheduling or settlement with banks and finance companies and drafting settlement agreements.
Bringing claims against banks and finance companies, and defending claims brought by them, before the competent court, including the Court of Investment and Commerce where it has jurisdiction.
Bounced cheque cases and other negotiable instruments.
Guarantee, letter of credit and trade finance disputes for companies.
Investor disputes with brokers and asset managers.
Working with our debt collection, bankruptcy and restructuring and judgment enforcement services where needed.

How we work with you

First contact: send us a summary on WhatsApp and we arrange a meeting.
Document review: we review the finance agreement, statements and correspondence.
Amicable route first: many banking disputes are resolved through a written complaint or negotiation.
Litigation if needed: otherwise we prepare the claim or defence and represent you to judgment.

Frequently asked questions

Can I sue a bank in Oman?

Yes. A customer can go to court if the bank breaches its contractual or legal obligations, for example by charging fees or interest that were not agreed or processing unauthorised transactions. It is usually best to start with a written complaint to the bank and then to the regulator, keeping all documents, before filing a claim.

What should I do if I cannot repay a bank loan?

Do not wait for a claim to be filed. Contact the bank early to ask for rescheduling or restructuring; a lawyer can negotiate for you and draft a clear settlement. If you are a trader or company with wider debt problems, preventive composition or restructuring may be worth considering.

How do I dispute an unauthorised card transaction?

Report it to the bank immediately, block the card and file a written dispute with full details, keeping copies of everything. If it is not resolved, escalate to the regulator and then to court. If the transaction resulted from online fraud, see our online fraud and fund recovery service.

Can a bank call a guarantee without my consent?

A bank guarantee is usually an independent undertaking payable on demand under its terms, so a call can only be stopped in limited cases, such as a clearly fraudulent or abusive demand. Speed matters if you fear an unjustified call.

If you have a dispute with a bank, finance company or broker, contact Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office on WhatsApp, call +968 92000841, or visit us at Bait Al Hamad, third floor, Al Khuwair, Muscat, near Takaful Oman Insurance and Bank Muscat, opposite the Ministries area.

Maritime and Transport Lawyer

Goods worth millions of rials pass through Sohar, Duqm, Salalah and Muscat, and damaged cargo, delays or freight disputes can disrupt your trade and cost you heavily. Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office, Advocates and Legal Consultants acts as a maritime and transport lawyer in Oman, advising traders, importers, exporters, carriers and forwarders on sea, land and air transport disputes and maritime sales, with over 20 years of experience.

Oman's new Maritime Law

The Maritime Law issued by Royal Decree 19/2023 replaced the 1981 law. Its 387 articles cover ship registration and ownership, charterparties, carriage of goods and passengers under bills of lading, maritime liens, marine insurance and more. A key feature is the right of a creditor holding a maritime claim to apply for the precautionary arrest of a ship to prevent it leaving Omani waters; the new law widened the range of maritime claims that can support an arrest, and a ship can be released against adequate security.

Land and air carriage are governed by the contract of carriage, the legislation specific to each mode and the relevant international conventions. All modes share one important feature: short time limits for notice and for bringing claims. Acting late can cost you a claim that is otherwise clear.

When do you need a maritime and transport lawyer?

Cargo arrives damaged or short, or is lost in sea, land or air transit.
Delivery is delayed and causes you losses.
Freight, detention or demurrage charges are disputed.
Goods are released without the original bill of lading, or bill of lading details are disputed.
You need to arrest a ship to secure a maritime claim, or release a vessel that has been arrested.
A charterparty dispute arises.
A buyer and seller disagree under an FOB, CIF or similar maritime sale.
An insurer refuses or reduces a cargo or marine claim.
You are in dispute with a freight forwarder, clearing agent or trucking company.

Our services

Reviewing carriage contracts, bills of lading, charterparties and agency agreements.
Sending timely notices and claims to carriers and their agents, and arranging surveys to document loss.
Bringing cargo claims for loss, damage and delay, and defending carriers and forwarders.
Ship arrest applications and releases, including security arrangements.
International and maritime sale disputes, and drafting sale contracts that make the transfer of risk clear.
Marine and cargo insurance claims.
Representation in arbitration, which many shipping contracts require, and in commercial litigation.
Enforcing judgments and awards in transport disputes.

Read also: Oman New Maritime Law Explained

Frequently asked questions

What should I do if my goods arrive damaged?

Note your reservations in writing on delivery, photograph the goods and containers, appoint an independent surveyor and notify the carrier and your insurer quickly. These steps preserve your right to compensation; delay weakens your position.

Can a ship be arrested in Oman?

Yes. Under the Omani Maritime Law a holder of a maritime claim can ask the court to arrest the ship concerned, or in the cases set out in the law another ship owned by the debtor. The vessel can be released if adequate security is provided. The application must be prepared quickly and precisely.

Who bears the loss: the carrier or the seller?

It depends on the sale terms and when risk passed to the buyer, on the cause and timing of the damage, and on the carrier's liability and its limits under the bill of lading and the law. We review all the documents together before deciding where to direct the claim.

Are there time limits for transport claims?

Yes. The law, conventions and carriage contracts set relatively short periods for notice and for filing claims, depending on the mode and type of claim. Seek advice without delay.

If your cargo has been damaged or delayed, or you have a dispute with a carrier or forwarder, contact Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office on WhatsApp, call +968 92000841, or visit us at Bait Al Hamad, third floor, Al Khuwair, Muscat, near Takaful Oman Insurance and Bank Muscat, opposite the Ministries area.

Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Lawyer

Public-private partnership projects open major opportunities in infrastructure and public services, but they rest on long-term, complex contracts in which every clause allocates risks that may last for decades. Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office, Advocates and Legal Consultants acts as a PPP lawyer in Oman, supporting investors, consortia, project companies and contractors at every stage of partnership projects, with over 20 years of experience.

The Public-Private Partnership Law in Oman

The Public-Private Partnership Law was issued by Royal Decree 52/2019 and came into force in July 2019, as part of Oman's drive to expand the private sector's role in development in line with Oman Vision 2040. It defines partnership projects as projects to carry out public works or provide public services of economic or social importance, or to improve and develop existing services.

The law regulates how projects are proposed, studied, evaluated and awarded, the formation of the project company, the essential terms of the partnership contract, supervision and grievances. An important rule is that project assets owned by the project company during the contract revert to the Government on expiry or early termination, which directly affects the investor's financial model and the drafting of compensation clauses.

When do you need a PPP and joint venture lawyer?

You are considering bidding for a partnership project and need the tender documents reviewed.
You are forming a consortium with local or foreign partners and need joint venture or consortium agreements.
You are setting up the project company and organising relations between its shareholders.
You are negotiating the partnership contract: term, payment mechanism, risk allocation, change in law, termination and compensation.
You are entering into sub-contracts for design and construction, operation and maintenance, or finance.
A dispute arises during the project over delay, payments or changes in scope.
The contract is breached or terminated and compensation is claimed, or you wish to challenge an award decision.

Our services for partnership projects

Legal review of tender documents and risks before you bid.
Structuring consortia and project companies and drafting shareholder and joint venture agreements, alongside our investor and corporate services.
Reviewing and negotiating the partnership contract, including force majeure, termination and compensation.
Drafting sub-contracts with contractors, operators and suppliers that align with the partnership contract.
Preparing and answering claims arising from partnership projects, and grievances against decisions.
Representing you in negotiations, arbitration or before the Court of Investment and Commerce.
Working with our construction disputes service on works-related issues.

Frequently asked questions

What is a public-private partnership contract?

It is a long-term contract under which a government entity engages the private sector, usually through a project company, to finance, build, operate or maintain a public project in return for a revenue stream set by the contract, with risks shared according to who is best placed to manage them.

Which law governs PPPs in Oman?

The Public-Private Partnership Law issued by Royal Decree 52/2019, its executive regulations and related decisions, together with the contract itself and other relevant legislation such as the Commercial Companies Law.

Who owns the project assets at the end of the contract?

Under the Omani PPP Law, assets owned by the project company during the contract revert to the Government on expiry or early termination, which is why termination compensation clauses are so important in negotiations.

How are PPP disputes resolved?

The contract usually sets the mechanism, which may start with negotiation, then mediation or arbitration, or proceedings before the competent court. Drafting the dispute resolution clause is one of the most important parts of the negotiation.

If you are preparing to take part in a partnership project, or face a dispute under an existing contract, contact Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office on WhatsApp, call +968 92000841, or visit us at Bait Al Hamad, third floor, Al Khuwair, Muscat, near Takaful Oman Insurance and Bank Muscat, opposite the Ministries area.

E-commerce and Competition Lawyer

Much of Oman's retail trade has moved to online stores and social media, bringing new legal questions: does my store need a licence? Is an online contract binding? What can I do if a competitor copies my products or abuses its market position? Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office, Advocates and Legal Consultants acts as an e-commerce and competition lawyer in Oman, advising online sellers, platforms and companies on e-commerce, competition and anti-monopoly matters, with over 20 years of experience.

The legal framework for e-commerce in Oman

Online trading in Oman now requires an e-commerce licence under the e-commerce regulation issued by Ministerial Decision 499/2023. The licence is obtained online through the Oman Business Platform, and the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Investment Promotion encourages stores to verify through the "Maroof Oman" platform. The regulation also requires stores to protect consumer data and disclose how they do so.

The Electronic Transactions Law issued by Royal Decree 39/2025 gives electronic documents and signatures legal effect when its conditions are met, the Consumer Protection Law protects online buyers, and the Cyber Crimes Law criminalises online fraud and attacks.

Competition protection and anti-monopoly

The Competition Protection and Monopoly Prevention Law issued by Royal Decree 67/2014 applies to production, trade and services in Oman and to activities abroad that affect the Omani market. It prohibits anti-competitive agreements and practices such as price-fixing, limiting production and market sharing, and prohibits abuse of a dominant position, treating control of more than 35% of a market as dominance. It is applied by the Competition Protection and Monopoly Prevention Centre.

Imports sold at dumped or subsidised prices that harm national industry are subject to the GCC rules on anti-dumping, countervailing and safeguard measures.

When do you need an e-commerce and competition lawyer?

You are launching an online store or selling through social media and need the licensing and registration requirements.
You need terms and conditions, a privacy policy and a returns policy for your store.
You have a dispute with customers, suppliers, payment gateways or delivery companies over online transactions.
You have received a consumer complaint or a violation notice.
A competitor copies your brand, store or content, or runs misleading advertising that harms you.
A dominant supplier or competitor imposes abusive terms or prices that push you out of the market.
You plan distribution or cooperation agreements, mergers or acquisitions that may raise competition issues.
Your local products are harmed by dumped imports.

Our services

Advice on e-commerce licensing and the right legal structure for your store.
Drafting terms and conditions, privacy and returns policies, and agreements with platforms, suppliers and couriers.
Representing you in online contract disputes and consumer protection cases, as a seller or a buyer.
Protecting your brand and content with our intellectual property service.
Filing complaints about anti-competitive practices and defending companies in competition investigations.
Reviewing distribution agreements and acquisitions under competition law and handling approvals where required.
Online fraud cases through our fund recovery service, and related disputes before the Court of Investment and Commerce.

Frequently asked questions

Do I need a licence for an online store in Oman?

Yes. The e-commerce regulation issued by Ministerial Decision 499/2023 requires a licence before you start trading online. You apply through the Oman Business Platform, and the requirements depend on whether you are an individual or a company and on your activity.

Is an online contract legally binding?

Yes. The Omani Electronic Transactions Law gives electronic documents, contracts and signatures the same legal effect as paper ones when the legal conditions are met, so how your store's terms are drafted and accepted matters.

What does the competition law prohibit?

Agreements between competitors to fix prices, share markets or limit production, and abuse of a dominant position, such as selling below cost to exclude competitors or refusing to deal without justification. Whether a specific practice is prohibited depends on the market and the facts.

What can I do if a competitor copies my store or brand?

Document the copying with screenshots, links and dates, and check whether your trademark is registered. You can then send a warning, complain to the platform or authority, or sue to stop the infringement and claim compensation.

If you are setting up an online store, or face unfair competition or an online transaction dispute, contact Dr. Abdullah Al Rashdi Office on WhatsApp, call +968 92000841, or visit us at Bait Al Hamad, third floor, Al Khuwair, Muscat, near Takaful Oman Insurance and Bank Muscat, opposite the Ministries area.